FAGACEAE (BEECH FAMILY) 51 



Q. Prinus, CHESTNUT OAK. Leaves thick, obovate, or oblong to 

 lanceolate, sometimes acuminate, with an obtuse or acute base, un- 

 dulately crenate-toothed, pale and minutely downy beneath. Cup thick 

 and composed of hard and stout scales. A large tree with thick and 

 deeply furrowed bark. Rocky banks and hillsides. 



Q. rubra, RED OAK. Cup saucer-shaped or flattish with a narrow 

 raised border, 1.8-2.5 cm. broad, of closely appressed scales, sessile or 

 on a very abrupt stalk, very much shorter than the narrow-ovoid 

 acorn, which is 2-3 cm. long. Leaves rather thin, turning dark red 

 after frost, moderately pinnatifid, the lobes acuminate from a broad 

 base, with a few coarse teeth. The bark of the trunk dark-gray and 

 smoothish. Timber coarse and poor. Common both in rich and poor 

 soil. 



Quercus, Oak; a, Q. velutina. Black oak, branch with young leaves and pistillate 

 and staminate catkins; b, leaf of Q. rubra, Red Oak; c, leaf of Q. alba, 

 White oak. 



Q. palustris, PIN OAK. Cup flat saucer-shaped, sometimes con- 

 tracted with a short scaly base or stalk, fine scaled, very much shorter 

 than the usually globose acorn which is 1-1.5 cm - l n - Leaves deeply 



