52 URTICACEAE (NETTLE FAMILY) 



pinnatifid, with divergent lobes and broad rounded sinuses. Low 

 grounds, chiefly on the coastal plain and in the Mississippi basin, 



Q. coccinea, SCARLET OAK. Cup top-shaped or hemispherical with 

 a conical base, 1.5-2.2 cm. broad, coarsely scaly, covering half or more 

 of the short ovoid acorn, the scales brown. Leaves, at least on full- 

 grown trees, bright green, shining above, glabrous beneath, turning 

 red in autumn, deeply pinnatifid, the slender lobes divergent and spar- 

 ingly cut-toothed. The bark of the trunk is gray and the -interior 

 reddish. Dry soil. 



Q. velutina, BLACK OAK. Cup hemispherical with a conical base, 

 1.8-2.3 cm. broad. The acorns are ovoid to hemispherical, 1.2-2 cm. 

 long, light brown, often pubescent. Leaves variously divided, ordinarily 

 with hairy tufts in the axils beneath. Bark dark brown and rough, 

 internally orange. This bark is largely used in tanning. Dry uplands. 



URTICACEAE (NETTLE FAMILY) 



Plants with stipules, and monoecious or dioecious or rarely (in 

 the elm} perfect flowers. A large family mostly tropical. 



ULMUS 



Trees with alternate, serrate, pinnately-veined leaves and stip- 

 ules which soon drop off. Flowers mostly polygamous, upon the 

 last year's branches. Fruit winged all around, one-seeded. The 

 flowers are purplish or yellowish, in lateral clusters, appearing 

 in early spring. The leaves are strongly straight-veined, short 

 petioled, and oblique or unequally somewhat heart-shaped at base. 



U. fulva, SLIPPERY ELM. 

 Flowers nearly sessile. 

 Leaves very rough above. 

 A small or middle-sized 

 tree with tough reddish 

 bark and a very mucilag- 

 inous inner bark. Rich soil. 



U. americana, AMERICAN 

 ELM, WHITE ELM. Flow- 

 ers on slender drooping 

 Ulntus americana, American elm; a, leaf; b, in- . 



florescence; c, inflorescence of U. fulva, Slip- pedicels, appearing before 



pery elm. the leaves. Fruit ovate, 



