ELAEAGNACEAE (OLEASTER FAMILY) 



Viola canadensis, Canada 

 violet. 



white inside, outside tinged with violet, lat- 

 eral ones bearded ; style capitate, beakless, 

 bearded at the summit. Woods. 



V. conspersa, Glabrous or nearly so, 

 with ascending leafy stems ; lower leaves 

 round-reniform, upper round-cordate, cre- 

 nate; petals pale violet, sometimes white; 

 style not capitate. Shaded ground. 



THYMELAEACEAE 



(MEZEREUM FAMILY) 



Shrubs with very tough bark. Leaves 

 entire. Apetalous flowers with a colored 



calyx, bearing tzvice as many stamens as .its lobes, and fruit a 

 berry-like drupe. 



DIRCA 



A much branched shrub with jointed branches and obovate, 

 alternate leaves. Flowers preceding the leaves. Yellow, petal- 

 like sepals. The 8 stamens and style exserted. Drupe 

 ovoid, reddish. 



D. palustris, LEATHERWOOD. Shrub becoming 2 m. 

 high ; wood white and brittle, but the bark remarkably 

 tough; flowers 3 or 4 in a cluster from a bud of as many 

 dark hairy scales. Rich woods. April. 



ELAEAGNACEAE (OLEASTER FAMILY) 



Dirca palustris 

 Leatherwood. 



Shrubs or trees with silvery-scurfy leaves, and the calyx tube 

 becoming pulpy and berry-like in fruit, closely enclosing the 

 achene. 



SHEPHERDIA 



Shrubs with opposite, entire leaves and dioecious flowers. The 

 staminate flowers with a 4-parted calyx and 8 stamens. The 

 pistillate flowers with a 4-cleft calyx, enclosing the ovary, and 

 becoming berry-like. 



