46 JUGLANDACEAE (WALNUT FAMILY) 



fertile floivers. A small family of important trees, consisting 

 chiefly of the two following genera. 



JUGLANS 



Stamens 12-40; filaments free, very short. Fertile flowers soli- 

 tary or several together on a peduncle at the end of the branch, 

 with a 4-toothed calyx, bearing 4 small petals at the sinuses. 

 Styles 2, very short ; stigmas 2, somewhat club-shaped and fringed. 

 Fruit with a fibrous-fleshy indehiscent epicarp, and a mostly 

 rough irregularly furrowed endocarp or nutshell. Trees, with 

 odd-pinnate leaves of many serrate leaflets. Pith in plates. 



J. cinerea, BUTTERNUT. Leaflets 7-17, oblong-lanceolate, pointed, 

 rounded at base, downy especially beneath, the petioles and branch- 

 lets downy with clammy hairs ; fruit ellipsoid, clammy, pointed, the 

 nut deeply sculptured and rough with ragged ridges, 2-celled at the 

 base. Rich woods. Trunk 16-30 m. high with gray bark, widely 

 spreading branches, and lighter brown wood than in the next. 



J. nigra, BLACK WALNUT. Leaflets 11-17, ovate-lanceolate, taper- 

 pointed, somewhat heart-shaped or unequal at base, smooth above, 

 the lower surface and the petioles minutely downy ; fruit spherical, 

 roughly dotted, the nut corrugated, 4-celled at top and bottom. Rich 

 woods. A large and handsome tree with rough dark bark and valu- 

 able purplish-brown wood. 



CARYA 



Fine timber trees with hard and very tough wood. From the 

 scaly buds, in spring, usually both kinds of flowers arise, the 

 sterile below and the fertile above the leaves. The fruit has a 

 four-valved exocarp (the hull), a smooth and bony endocarp 

 (the shell of the nut), and a single, four-lobed seed (the kernel). 

 The nuts ripen and fall in October. (Kama, an ancient name of 

 walnut.) 



C. ovata, SHAG-BARK HICKORY. The bark of the trunk exfoliates 

 in rough strips or plates. The inner bud-scales become large and 

 conspicuous and persist till the flowers are fully developed. Leaflets 

 5-7. The husk of the fruit splits into thick and woody valves. The 

 seed is sweet. A large and handsome tree. 



