GENUS 7. 



PINE FAMILY, CONIFERS. 



i. Thuja occidentalis L. White Cedar. 

 Arbor Vitae. Fig. 152. 



Thuja occidentalis L. Sp. PI. 1002. 1753. 



A conical tree, reaching a height of about 70 

 and a trunk diameter of 5, the old bark decidu- 

 ous in ragged strips. Scale-like leaves of the 

 ultimate branchlets nearly orbicular, obtuse, 

 i"-\\" broad, the two lateral rows keeled, the two 

 other rows flat, causing the twigs to appear much 

 flattened ; leaves of the older twigs narrower and 

 longer, acute or acuminate ; cones 4" -6" long, their 

 scales obtuse ; seeds broadly winged. 



In wet soil and along the banks of streams, form- 

 ing almost impenetrable forests northward, New 

 Brunswick to James' Bay and Manitoba, south to 

 New Jersey, along the Alleghanies to North Caro- 

 lina, Tennessee and to Illinois and Minnesota. As- 

 cends to 3500 ft. in the Adirondacks. Wood soft, 

 brittle, weak, coarse-grained, light brown : weight 

 per cubic foot 20 Ibs. Called also False White and 

 Feather-leaf Cedar. May-June. 



8. CHAMAECYPARIS Spach, Hist. Veg. u: 329. 1842. 



Evergreen trees, similar to the Thujas, with minute opposite appressed 4-ranked scale- 

 like leaves, or those of older twigs subulate, and small monoecious terminal aments. Stami- 

 nate aments as in Thuja, but the filaments broader and shield-shaped. Ovule-bearing aments 

 globose, their scales opposite, peltate, each bearing 2-5 erect ovules. Cones globose, the scales 

 thick, peltate, each bearing 2-5 erect seeds, closed until mature, each with a central point or 

 knob. Seeds winged. [Greek, meaning a low cypress.] 



About 6 species, the following of the eastern United States, 2 in western North America, 

 the others Asiatic. Type species : Chamaecyparis sphacroidea Spach. 



i. Chamaecyparis thyoides (L.) B.S.P. 

 Southern White Cedar. Fig. 153. 



Cupressus thyoides L. Sp. PI. 1003. 1753. 

 Chamaecyparis sphaeroidea Spach, Hist. Veg. n : 331. 



1842. 

 Chamaecyparis thyoides B.S.P. Prel. Cat. N. Y. 71. 



1888. 



A forest tree, reaching a maximum height of about 

 90 and a trunk diameter of 4i. Leaves of the ulti- 

 mate branchlets ovate, acute, scarcely \" wide, those 

 of the lateral rows keeled, those of the vertical rows 

 slightly convex, each with a minute round discoid 

 marking on the centre of the back, those of the 

 older twigs narrower and longer, subulate; cones 

 about 3" in diameter, blue, each of their closely 

 fitting scales with a small central point; seeds nar- 

 rowly winged. 



In swamps, southern Maine and New Hampshire to 

 northern New Jersey, south to Florida and Mississippi, 

 mostly near the coast. Wood soft, weak, close-grained, 

 light brown; weight per cubic foot 21 Ibs. April-May. 

 Called also Post or Swamp Cedar, Juniper. 



9. JUNIPERUS L. Sp. PI. 1038. 1753. 



Evergreen trees or shrubs with opposite or verticillate, subulate or scale-like, sessile 

 leaves, commonly of 2 kinds, and dioecious or sometimes monoecious, small short axillary 

 or terminal aments. Leaf-buds naked. Staminate aments oblong or ovoid ; anthers 2-6-cel led, 

 each sac 2-valved. Ovule-bearing aments of a few opposite somewhat fleshy scales, or these 

 rarely verticillate in 3's, each bearing a single erect ovule or rarely 2. Cones globose, berry- 

 like by the coalescence of the fleshy scales, containing 1-6 wingless bony seeds. [Name Celtic. 1 



About 40 species, mostly natives of the northern hemisphere. Besides the following, 10 others 

 occur in the western parts of North America. Type species: Juniperus com muni's L. 

 Leaves all subulate, prickly pointed, verticillate ; aments axillary. 



Small erect, tree or shrub ; leaves slender, mostly straight. i. /. commitnis. 



Low depressed shrub ; leaves stouter, mostly curved. 2. /. sibirica. 



Leaves of 2 kinds, scale-like and subulate, mostly opposite ; aments terminal. 



Tree ; fruit on short straight branches. 3. /. virginiana. 



Depressed shrub ; fruit on short recurved branches. 4. /. horicontalis. 



