212 GRAMINEAE. VOL. I. 



46. AMMOPHILA Host. Gram. Austr. 4: 24. pi 41. 1809. 



Tall perennial grasses with flat leaf-blades, convolute above, and dense spike-like panicles. 

 Spikelets i-flowered, the rachilla prolonged beyond the flower and hairy. Scales 3, rigid, 

 chartaceous, acute, keeled; the 2 outer empty, the lower i-nerved, the upper 3-nerved; third 

 scale 5-nerved, with a ring of short hairs at the base, subtending a chartaceous 2-nerved palet 

 and a perfect flower. Stamens 3. Styles distinct. Stigmas plumose. Grain free, loosely 

 enclosed in the scale and palet. [Greek, sand-loving, from the habitat of these grasses.] 



Two species, the following widely distributed along the fresh and salt-water shores of the 

 northern hemisphere, the other European. Type species : Arundo arenaria L. 



i. Ammophila arenaria (L.) Link. Sea Sand- 

 reed. Sea Mat-weed. Marram. Fig. 512. 



Arundo arenaria L. Sp. PI. 82. 1753. 

 Calamagrostis arenaria Roth, Fl. Germ. I : 34. 1788. 

 Ammophila arundinacea Host. Gram. Austr. 4: 24. 1809. 

 Ammophila arenaria Link Hort. Berol. i : 105. 1827. 



Glabrous, culms 2-4 tall, erect, rigid, stout, smooth, 

 arising from a long horizontal branching rootstock. 

 Sheaths smooth, the lower short, crowded and overlap- 

 ping, the upper longer; ligule a mere ring; blades 6'-i 

 long or more, rigid, attenuate into a long slender invo- 

 lute point, smooth beneath, scabrous above ; spike-like 

 panicle dense, 4'-i2' in length, 6"-8" thick, its branches 

 i$' long or less, appressed; spikelets 5"-6" long, the 

 scales scabrous, about equal in length, the third usually 

 with the rudiment of an awn just below the apex; basal 

 hairs i"-2" long. 



In sands of the sea coast from Newfoundland to North 

 Carolina, and inland along the shores of the Great Lakes. 

 Also on the coasts of northern Europe. Reed- or Sea- 

 shore-bent. Beach-grass. Spires. Sea Sand-grass, Sea-reed. 

 Aug.-Sept. 



47. CALAMOVILFA Hack. True Grasses 113. 1890. 



Tall grasses with stout horizontal rootstocks, elongated leaf-blades, which are involute at 

 the apex, and paniculate inflorescence. Spikelets i-flowered; rachilla not prolonged beyond 

 the flower. Scales 3, i-nerved, acute, the 2 outer unequal, empty ; third scale longer or shorter 

 than the second, a ring of hairs at its base; palet strongly 2-keeled. Stamens 3. Styles 

 distinct. Stigmas plumose. Grain free. Seed adherent to pericarp. [Greek, a reed-like grass.] 



Species 4 or 5 in the temperate and subtropical regions of North America. Type species : 

 Arundo brevipilis Torr. 



Flowering scale and palet glabrous. i- C. longtfolia. 



Flowering scale and palet pubescent. 



Spikelets 2"-2^" long; a plant of southern New Jersey. 2. C. brevipilis. 



Spikelets 3 l / 2 "-4" long; a plant of the western United States. 3. C. gigantea. 



i. Calamovilfa longifolia (Hook.) Hack. 

 Long-leaved Reed-grass. Fig. 513. 



Calamagrostis longifolia Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2 : 241. 



1840. 

 C. longifolia Scribn. in Hack. True Grasses 113. 



1890. 

 Calamovilfa longifolia magna Scribn. & Merr. Circ. 



U. S. Dep. Agr. Agrost. 35: 3. 1901. 



Culms 2-5 tall, erect, simple, stout, smooth 

 and glabrous. Sheaths crowded and overlapping, 

 glabrous or sometimes hairy ; ligule a ring of 

 hairs about i" long; blades 8'-i long or more; 

 panicle generally narrow, often i long or more, 

 commonly pale, the branches erect, or occasionally 

 open with the branches somewhat spreading; 

 spikelets 2i"~3" long; scales acute, the first 

 shorter than the second, the third glabrous, a 

 Httle longer or shorter than the second, the copious 

 basal hairs from i as long as to nearly equalling 

 the scale; palet slightly shorter than the third 

 scale. 



In sandy places, western Ontario to Mackenzie, 

 south to northern Indiana, Kansas and Colorado. 

 Big Sand-grass. Carizzo. July-Sept. 



