CYPERACEAE. 



VOL. I. 



15. Scirpus occidentalis (S. Wats.) 



Chase. Viscid Great Bulrush. 



Fig. 815. 



S. lacustris occidentalis S. Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 218. 



1880. 

 5". occidentalis Chase, Rhodora 6: 68. 1904. 



Similar to S. validus, tall, the culms firmer 

 in texture, the margins of the basal sheaths 

 becoming fibrillose. Involucral leaf shorter 

 than the compound umbel ; primary rays rather 

 stiff; bracts viscid at the tip; spikelets clus- 

 tered in 2's to 7's, or solitary, oblong-cylindric, 

 10" long or less, about 2" thick, acute or blunt- 

 ish ; scales ovate, short-awned, viscid above ; 

 style 2-cleft ; achene biconvex, obovate, dull, 

 nearly i" wide, much shorter than the scale. 



Borders of lakes and streams. Newfoundland to 

 British Columbia, New York, Missouri, Utah and 

 California. July-Sept. 



1 6. Scirpus heterochaetus Chase. Pale 

 Great Bulrush. Fig. 816. 



5. heterochaetus Chase, Rhodora 6: 70. 1904. 



Perennial by rather stout rootstocks ; culms 

 slender, sheathed below, 6 high or less. In- 

 volucral leaf much shorter than the compound 

 umbel; primary rays slender, 4' long or less; 

 bracts acuminate, glabrous; spikelets solitary, 

 ovoid to ellipsoid, acutish, 4"-7" long, about 

 2\" thick ; scales ovate, glabrous, often erose- 

 margined ; style 3-cleft ; bristles 2-4, unequal, 

 as long as or shorter than the achene ; achene 

 about i" wide, obovate, yellowish, shorter than 

 the scale. 



Borders of lakes and in marshes, Vermont and 

 Massachusetts to Oregon and Nebraska. July- 

 Sept. 



Scirpus calif ornicus (C. A. Meyer) Britton, of 

 the western and southern states and tropical con- 

 tinental America, admitted in the first edition of 

 this work, has not been definitely established as 

 growing within our limits. It has plumose 

 bristles. 



17. Scirpus rufus (Huds.) Schrad. Red Clubrush. Fig. 817. 



Schoenus rufus Huds. Fl. Angl. Ed. 2, 15. 1778. 

 Scirpus rufus Schrad. Fl. Germ, i : 133. 1806. 

 Blysmus rufus Link, Hort. Berol. i : 278. 1827. 



Perennial by slender rootstocks, culms tufted, 

 smooth, slender, erect, somewhat compressed, 3'-i5' 

 tall. Leaves half-terete, smooth, shorter than the 

 culm, channeled, '-3' long, less than i' wide, the 

 lowest reduced to bladeless sheaths ; spikelets red- 

 brown, few-flowered, narrowly ovoid-oblong, sub- 

 acute, about 3" long, erect in a terminal 2-ranked 

 spike i'-i' long; involucral leaf solitary, erect, nar- 

 rowly linear, equalling or longer than the spike; 

 scales lanceolate, acute, i-nerved; bristles 3-6, up- 

 wardly barbed, shorter than the achene, deciduous; 

 stamens 3; style 2-cleft; achene oblong, pointed at 

 both ends, light brown, plano-convex or slightly 

 angled in front, ii"-2" long. 



In marshes, Newfoundland, New Brunswick, Nova 

 Scotia and Quebec to James' Bay ; Northwest Territory. 

 Also in northern Europe. Summer. 



