3 6 



CYPERACEAE. 



VOL. I. 



2. Perigynia from little to much inflated ; beak bidentate ; stigmas normally three ; achenes triangular. 

 A. Pistillate scales (except rarely lowest) not rough-awned. 



a. Pistillate spikes oblong to cylindric, 15 to many-flowered. 

 Perigynia not reflexed ; bracts not more than several times exceeding spikes. 



Achenes not excavated on one side or but little so. 

 Beak of perigynia smooth. 



Culms sharply triangular, rough above, scarcely spongy at base ; perigynia ascending. 

 Perigynia 2"-2 l / 2 " long; culms often not filamentose at base. 217. C.maincnsis. 

 Perigynia longer ; culms markedly filamentose at base. 



Perigynia lanceolate, tapering into beak ; spikes loosely flowered at base. 

 Perigynia ovoid or globose-ovoid; spikes not loosely flowered. 218. C.Raeana. 

 Pistillate spikes less than ^ l / 2 " wide; perigynia globose-ovoid, abruptly con- 

 tracted into beak. 219. C, monile. 

 Pistillate spikes $ l / 2 "-7 l / 2 " wide; perigynia ovoid, contracted into beak. 



220. C. vcsicaria. 



Culms obtusely triangular, usually smooth above, often thick and spongy at base ; peri- 

 gynia often spreading, abruptly contracted into beak. 



Leaves very narrow, involute. 221. C.rotundata. 



Leaves broad, flat. 



Spikes lYn' long or less; perigynia strongly dark tinged, very membranous; culms 



i high or less. 222. C.mcmbranopacta. 



Spikes much longer ; perigynia little tinged, less membranous ; culms much higher. 



223. C. rostrata. 



Beak of perigynia rough. 224. C. bullata. 



Achenes deeply excavated on one side. 225. C. Tuckermanii. 



Lower perigynia reflexed ; bracts many times exceeding spikes. 226. C. rctrorsa. 



b. Pistillate spikes globose or short-oblong, 5- to is-flowered. 227. C.oligosperma. 



B. Pistillate scales rough-awned. 



Spikes cylindric, 7" -9" thick ; perigynia contracted into beak. 228. C. litrida. 



Spikes narrowly cylindric, 4"-6" thick ; perigynia abruptly contracted into beak. 



229. C.Baileyi. 



59. PSEUDO-CVPEREAE. 



Perigynia suborbicular in cross-section, more or less inflated. 



Spikes linear-cylindric ; staminate scales scarcely awned. 230. C. Schiveinitzii. 



Spikes oblong or oblong-cylindric ; staminate scales with short rough awns. 231. C.hystricina. 

 Perigynia obtusely triangular, scarcely inflated, closely enveloping achene. 



Perigynia teeth erect, l / 2 " long; body of beak y 2 " long. 232. C.Pseudo-cyperus. 



Perigynia teeth recurved or spreading, 34 "-i" long; body of beak ^"-i" long. 



233. C. comosa. 



60. SQUARROSAE. 



Scales exceeding perigynia ; terminal spike small, normally staminate. 234. C. Frankii. 



Scales much shorter than perigynia ; terminal spike gynaecandrous. 



Scales acuminate or awned ; spikes oval. 235. C. sqnarrosa. 



Scales obtusish ; spikes oblong-cylindric. 236. C. tyfhina. 



61. LUPULINAE. 

 Pistillate spikes globose or subglobose ; style straight. 



Scales usually strongly awned (varying to obtuse in few-flowered northern plants) ; pistillate 



spikes i-i2-flowered ; leaves iJ4"-3}4" wide, the sheath prolonged. 237. C.intumescens. 

 Scales usually obtuse, varying to slightly cuspidate ; pistillate spikes 6~3o-flowered ; leaves 



2 l / 2 "-4 l / 2 " wide, the sheath not prolonged. 238. C. Asa-Grayi. 



Pistillate spikes oblong or cylindric ; style abruptly bent. 



Perigynia ascending, the beak less than twice length of body. 



Culms arising singly from elongated rootstocks ; leaves i"-2 l / 2 " wide.239. C. louisianica. 

 Culms cespitose ; leaves 2"-s" wide. 



Achenes longer than thick, the angles not prominently knobbed. 240. C. lupulina. 

 Achenes not longer than thick, the angles prominently knobbed. 241. C. lupuliformis. 

 Perigynia spreading at right angles, the beak 2-3 times length of body. 242. C.gigantea. 



i. Carex nardina Fries. Nard Sedge. Fig. 868. 



Carex nardina Fries, Mant. 2: 55. 1839. 



Culms very densely caespitose, filiform, smooth, erect, 

 2'~s' tall, densely clothed at base with the old sheaths, 

 many-leaved. Leaves filiform, erect, shorter or longer 

 than the culms ; spike solitary, terminal, oblong, an- 

 drogynous, bractless, z"~7" long, less than 2" in diam- 

 eter; perigynia oblong-elliptic, plano-convex, yellowish 

 brown, faintly nerved, nearly erect, narrowed at both 

 ends, ii"-2" long, f" wide, slightly serrulate above, 

 minutely and abruptly beaked, 2-toothed ; scales broadly 

 ovate, brown, with lighter center, thin, obtuse to 

 slightly cuspidate, usually longer than the perigynia ; 

 racheola often present ; stigmas 2 or 3. 



Labrador and Hudson Bay to British Columbia and south 

 to Washington and Colorado. Also in Europe and Asia. 

 Summer. 



