GENUS 7. 



LILY FAMILY. 



55 



7. FRITILLARIA [Tourn.] L. Sp. PI. 303. 1753. 



Bulbous herbs with simple leafy stems, and rather large nodding solitary or racemed 

 leafy-bracted flowers. Perianth mostly campanulate, deciduous, of 6 separate and nearly 

 equal oblong or ovate segments, each with a nectar-pit or spot at the base. Stamens 6, hy- 

 pogynous ; filaments filiform or somewhat flattened; anthers linear or oblong. Ovary 

 nearly or quite sessile, 3-celled; ovules numerous in each cavity; style slender or filiform, 

 3-lobed or 3-cleft, the lobes stigmatic along the inner 

 side. Capsule obovoid or globose, 6-angled, loculi- 

 cidally dehiscent. Seeds numerous, flat, obovate or 

 suborbicular, margined or winged. [Latin, from 

 fritillus, a dice-box or chess-board, in allusion to the 

 form or to the checkered markings of the perianth 

 in some species.] 



About 50 species, natives of the north temperate 

 zone. Besides the following, about 12 others occur in 

 western North America. Type species : Fritillaria pyre- 

 naica L. 



i. Fritillaria atropurpurea Nutt. Purple 

 Fritillaria. Fig. 1263. 



F. atropurpurea Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. 7: 54. 1834. 



Bulb in diameter or less. Stem 6'-i5' high, 

 slender, leafless below; leaves linear, alternate, ses- 

 sile, ii'-3i' long, iJ"-2" wide or less; flowers 1-6, 

 purple or purplish green and mottled ; perianth- 

 segments narrowly oblong, obtusish, 6"-io" long ; 

 peduncles i'-i' long; stamens one-half to two-thirds 

 as long as the perianth ; style 3-cleft to about the 

 middle, the lobes linear ; capsule erect, acutely angled, 

 5"-6" high. 



North Dakota to Nebraska, Montana and California. June-July. 



8. TULIPA (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 305. 1753. 



Bulbous herbs with erect leaf-bearing stems and large solitary (rarely 2) erect flowers. 

 Perianth campanulate, the segments distinct, erect or erect-spreading, deciduous, usually 

 with a spot at the base, but without a nectar-gland; stamens 6, hypogynous, shorter than the 



perianth ; anthers erect, basifixed ; ovary nearly 



or quite sessile, 3-celled ; ovules numerous ; 



capsule oblong or globose; seeds numerous, 



flat. [Ancient name.] 



Fifty species or more, natives of Europe and 

 Asia. Type species : Tulipa sylvestris L. 



i. Tulipa sylvestris L. Wild Tulip. 

 Fig. 1264. 



Tulipa sylvestris L. Sp. PI. 305. 1753. 



Bulb ovoid, i' long or less, covered with 

 dark brown scales. Stem about 2 high, bear- 

 ing 1-3 linear-lanceolate grayish-green acumi- 

 nate leaves; flower yellow, -4' broad; inner 

 perianth-segments somewhat broader than the 

 outer, acute ; filaments pubescent at the base ; 

 capsule narrowly oblong, 3-angled; seeds obo- 

 void, brown. 



Meadows, Bucks County, Pennsylvania. Ad- 

 ventive from Europe. April-June. 



9. ERYTHRONIUM L. Sp. PI. 35- 1753- 



Low herbs, from deep membranous-coated corms, sometimes propagated by offshoots, 

 the stem simple, bearing a pair of broad or narrow unequal leaves, usually below the middle, 



