FAGACEAE. 



VOL. I. 



15. Quercus imbricaria Michx. Shingle 

 Oak. Fig. 1528. 



Q. imbricaria Michx. Hist. Chen. Am, 9. pi. 15, 16. 1801. 



A forest tree, with maximum height about 100, 

 and trunk diameter of 3^. Leaves oblong or 

 lanceolate, entire, coriaceous, acute at both ends, 

 short-petioled, bristle-tipped, dark green above, per- 

 sistently brown-tomentulose beneath, 3'-? long, 9 '-2' 

 wide; styles recurved; fruit maturing the second 

 autumn ; cup hemispheric or turbinate, 5"-?" broad, 

 its bracts appressed ; acorn subglobose, 5" -7" high. 



Central Pennsylvania to Michigan, Nebraska, Georgia, 

 Tennessee and Arkansas. Reported from eastern Massa- 

 chusetts. Wood hard, coarse-grained, light reddish-brown ; 

 weight per cubic foot 47 Ibs. April-May. Lea-, Jack- or 

 Laurel-oak. 



Quercus Leana Nutt. Sylva i : 134, pi. $b, is a hybrid 

 of this and Q. velutina, with intermediate characters. 

 Ohio to Missouri and District of Columbia. 



Quercus tridentata Engelm. Q. nigra var. tridentata 

 A. DC. Prodr. 16 : Part 2, 64, is a hybrid with Q. marilandica. Illinois and Pennsylvania. 

 A hybrid with Q. palustris has been found near St. Louis, Mo., and in Iowa. 



16. Quercus alba L. White Oak. Fig. 1529. 



Quercus alba L. Sp. PI. 996. 1753. 



A forest tree, with light gray bark scaling off 

 in thin plates; maximum height about 150, trunk 

 diameter up to 8. Leaves obovate in outline, green 

 above, pale and more or less glaucous beneath, 

 pubescent when young, nearly glabrous when old, 

 thin, pinnatifid into 3-9 oblong obtuse ascending 

 toothed or entire lobes, 4'-?' long, 2'-$' wide; 

 petioles about $' long; styles short, erect; fruit 

 maturing the first season, peduncled ; cup depressed- 

 hemispheric, 7"-io" broad, its bracts thick, obtuse, 

 woolly or at length glabrate, closely appressed; 

 acorn ovoid-oblong, i' high or less, 3-4 times as 

 high as the cup. 



Maine to Ontario, Minnesota, Florida and Texas. 

 Wood hard, strong, tough, close-grained ; color brown ; 

 weight per cubic foot 46 Ibs. May-June. Acorns ripe 

 Sept.-Oct. 



Hybrids with Q. macrocarpa have been observed in 

 Illinois ; with Q. stellata, from Illinois to Virginia and 

 South Carolina, and with Q. Prinus, near Washington, 

 D. C. and New York. Stave-oak. 



17. Quercus stellata Wang. Post or Iron 

 Oak. Fig. 1530. 



Quercus alba minor Marsh. Arb. Am. 120. 1785. 

 Quercus stellata Wang. Amer. 78. pi. 6. f. 15. 1787. 

 Q. obtusiloba Michx. Hist. Chen. Am. i. pi. i. 1801. 

 Quercus minor Sargent, Card. & For. 2: 471. 1889. 



A tree, with rough gray bark, or sometimes a 

 shrub ; maximum height about 100 and trunk 

 diameter 4. Leaves broadly obovate in outline, 

 deeply lyrate-pinnatifid into 3-7 broad rounded 

 often deeply undulate or toothed lobes, when 

 mature firm, glabrous, dark green and shining 

 above, brown-tomentulose beneath, s'-8' long, 

 4'-6' wide or smaller; petioles stout, \'-\' long; 

 fruit maturing the first season, nearly or quite 

 sessile; styles short; cup hemispheric, 6"-8" 

 broad, base narrowed, its bracts lanceolate, sub- 

 acute, slightly squarrose; acorn ovoid, 6"-io" 

 high, 2-3 times as long as the cup. 



In dry soil, Massachusetts to New York, Iowa, 

 Florida and Texas. Wood hard, close-grained, very 

 _ durable, brown ; weight per cubic foot 52 Ibs. May- 



June. Acorns ripe Sept.-Oct. Brash, white, rough or turkey-oak. Box or rough white-oak. 



Quercus Margaretta Ashe, ranging from Virginia to Florida and Alabama, has similar but 

 smaller acorns and leaves with rounded lobes ; it is probably a race of this species, or a hybrid. 



