THE ANTHOZOA 



75 



among the Turbinolidae ; Euphyllia and Ehipidogyra and their allies 



form a new family, the Amphiastraeidae ; Galaxea is placed in Klunzinger's 



family, the Stylinidae. See her paper, pp. 159-167. SUB-FAMILY 2. 



CYATHOPHYLLINAE. Solitary and colonial Astraeidae, never Maeandroid. 



Tabulae and vesicular endotheca present. Genera 



Moseleya, Quelch ; Cyathophyllum, Goldfuss 



(Devonian, Carboniferous, and Permian). SUB- 



FAMILY 3. STAURINAE. The septa show a 



marked tetrameral arrangement. No columella. 



Genus Stauria, M. Edw. (Upper Silurian). 



SUB-FAMILY 4. CYSTIPHYLLIDAE. Septa rudi- 



mentary ; calicles filled with vesicular endotheca. 



Genera Cystiphyllum, Lonsdale (Silurian and 



Devonian) ; Michelinia, de Kon. (Carboniferous). 



In the sub-family Goniophyllinae the calyx is 



provided with a movable calcareous operculum. 



Genera Goniophyllum, M. Edw. and H. (Silur- 



ian) ; the operculum formed of four paired pieces, 



attached to the four sides of the lip of the calyx 



and reaching with their pointed ends to the 



centre. Rhizophyllum, Lindstrom (Silurian) ; 



the operculum simple, semicircular, with a 



median ridge on its inner face, and numerous striae parallel to it. 



Calceola, Lam. ; the operculum thick with a stout median septum 



and numerous feebly developed secondary septa. 



Following Quelch the Cystiphyllidae are here placed with the 

 Astraeidae. Ogilvie, whilst remarking on their affinities with the Astraeidae, 

 places the Cystiphyllidae in the same group as the Eupsammidae under 

 the name SpinocorattiOf loc. cit. pp. 324, 325. 



FIG. XXX VI I. 



Cakeola 

 * 



sandalina. 



Lam., 

 E 



SECTION 2. FUXGACEA. 



Solitary or colonial Scleractiniae. Septa united by synapticula, which 

 cross the interseptal loculi and perforate the mesenteries. 



FAMILY 1. PLESIOFUNGIDAE. Colonial or simple Fungacea. . Septa 

 generally solid and imperforate ; united by synapticula. Genera -Sider- 

 astrcea, Blainv. ; Thamnastrcea, Lesauvage ; Lophoseris, M. Edw. and H. ; 

 Agaricia, Lamarck. FAMILY 2. FUNGIDAE. Simple or colonial Fungacea ; 

 usually depressed or discoid. Theca more or less synapticulate. GROUP 1. 

 Solitary Fungidae. Genera Fungia, Dana ; Diafungia, Duncan ; Micra- 

 bacia, M. Edw. and H. The young form of Fungia is fixed, and either 

 solitary or colonial, resembling in all its characters a turbinolid, such as 

 Caryophyllia. The fixed form developed from the ovum is called a tropho- 

 zooid. The free discoid adult, or anthocyathus is formed by the expansion 

 of the upper part of the calicle of the trophozooid. When this has 

 acquired a disc shape, and its septa are imited by synapticula, it is detached 

 from the pedicle (anthocaulus) formed by the rest of the trophozooid, and 

 is set free as an adult Fungia. Three or four anthocyathi may be formed 

 in succession from one trophozooid. For details the reader should refer 



