34 THE ANTHOZOA 



modified to exhibit the relations sketched out above, and to harmonise 

 with the grouping of the other branches of the Alcyonaria : 



SUB-SECTION A. Rachis without pinnules, autozooids sessile, disposed 

 on both sides of the rachis in single series or in indistinct rows. 



FAMILY 1. PKOTOCAULIDAE. Autozooids sessile, without calices, disposed 

 alternately on each side of the rachis in a single row. Spicules absent. 

 Genus Protocaulon, Kolliker. FAMILY 2. PROTOPTILIDAE. Autozooids 

 sessile, with calices, disposed alternately on each side of the rachis in 

 a single row. A single siphonozooid at the base of each autozooid. 

 Spicules present. Genera Protoptilum, Kolliker ; Lygomorpha, Koren 

 and Danielssen ; Microptilum, Roll. ; Leptoptilum, Koll. ; Trichoptilum, 

 Koll. ; Scleroptilum, Koll. FAMILY 3. KOPHOBELEMNONIDAE. Rachis 

 longer than peduncle, cylindrical, bearing on the pararachides retractile 

 autozooids in indistinct rows. Siphonozooids numerous. Spicules present. 

 Genera Kophobelemnon, Absjornsen ; Sclerobelemnon, Koll. ; Bathyptilum, 

 Koll. FAMILY 4. UMBELLULIDAE. Rachis short, bearing autozooids at 

 its distal end only, where they are frequently grouped into an umbel. 

 Siphonozooids scattered over the pararachides. Genus Umbellula, Lam. 



SUB-SECTION B, Rachis without pinnules. Autozooids sessile, borne 

 on the pararachides in distinct rows. 



FAMILY 5. ANTHOPTILIDAE. The autozooids without calices. Genus 

 Anthoptilum, Koll. FAMILY 6. FUNICULINIDAE. The autozooids have 

 calices. SUB-FAMILY FUNICULININAE, with prorachidial Siphonozooids. 

 Genera Funiculina, Lam. ; Halipteris, Koll. SUB-FAMILY STACHY- 

 PTILIDAE, without prorachidial Siphonozooids. Genus Stachyptilum, Koll. 



SUB-SECTION C. Rachis with pinnules formed by fused rows of 

 autozooids borne on the pararachides. 



FAMILY 7. VIRGULARIDAE. Pinnules small. SUB-FAMILY VIR- 

 GULARINAE. Pinnules without a calcareous plate. Genera -Virgularia, 

 Lam. ; Scytalium, Herklots ; Pavonaria, KolL SUB-FAMILY STYLATU- 

 LINAE. Pinnules with a calcareous plate. Genera Stylatula, Verrill ; 

 Dubenia, Kor. and Dans. ; A canthoptilum, Koll. FAMILY 8. PENNATULIDAE. 

 Pinnules large. SUB-FAMILY PENNATULINAE. Siphonozooids on prorachis, 

 metarachis, and pararachides, but not on pinnules. Genera Pennatula, 

 Lam. ; Leioptilum, Verrill ; Ptilosarcus, Gray ; Halisceptrum, Herklots. 

 SUB-FAMILY PTEROEIDIDAE. Siphonozooids on the pinnules. Genera 

 Pteroeides, Herklots ; Godefroyia, Koll. ; Sarcophyllum, Koll. FAMILY 9. 

 GONDULIDAE. Peduncle absent ; colony attached by proximal end of 

 rachis. Genus Gondul, Kor. and Dan. 



SUB-SECTION D. Autozooids sessile, disposed over the whole surface 

 of the rachis, which therefore has no pro-, meta-, and pararachides, and 

 the symmetry of the colony is radial. 



FAMILY 10. VERETILLIDAE. SUB-FAMILY CAVERNULARINAE. Spicules 

 elongate. Genera Cavernularia, Valenciennes ; Stylobelemnon, Koll. 

 SUB-FAMILY LITUARINAE. Spicules short. Genera Lituaria, Val. ; 

 Veretillum, Cuvier ; Policella, Gray ; Clavella, Gray. 



SUB-SECTION E. The rachis forms a broad reniform expansion bearing 

 autozooids and Siphonozooids on its surface. Axis absent. 



FAMILY 11. RENILLIDAE. Genus Renilla, Lain. 



