ECHINODERM A- GENERAL DESCRIPTION 35 



a pseudhaemal system of canals apparently growing out from 

 coelomic cavities. 



All living Echinoderms have a lacunar, haemal system of 

 diverse origin. This, the ambulacral system, and the coelomic 

 cavities contain a fluid holding albumen in solution and carrying 

 numerous amoebocytes, which are developed in special lymph- 

 glands and are capable of wandering through all tissues. 



The Echinoderma may be divided into seven Classes, the 

 mutual relations of which are roughly represented in the annexed 

 table. 



'CYSTIDEA EDRIOASTEROIDEA 



PELMATOZOA< BLASTOIDEA 



| HOLOTHURIOIDEA "\ 



CRIN-OIDEA ! , F FJTTHli , Rn70A > > 



ECHINOIDEA KJaW 



- STELLEROIDEA ) 



GUIDE TO LITERATURE OF ECHINODERMA GENERALLY. 



In selecting from the large mass of writings, preference has been given to the 

 more recent, especially those giving summaries or bibliographies. Works alluded 

 to in the text may also be found by reference to the Zoological Record and the 

 Zoologischcn Jahresberichten (Naples). 



1. Agassiz, A. 1882. (Echinodermata . . . Bibliography.) Bull. Mus. 



Conip. Zool. Harvard, vol. x. pp. 109-134. 



2. - 1883. (Selections from Embryological Monographs II. Echinoder- 



mata.) Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard, vol. ix. (2), pp. 1-45, pis. i.-xv. 



3. Bell, F. J. 1891. (On the Arrangement and Interrelations of the Classes 



of the Echinodermata.) Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6, vol. viii. pp. 206- 

 215. 



4. Bwetschli, 0. 1892. (Versuch der Ableitung des Echiuoderms aus einer bi- 



lateralen Urfonn.) Zeitsch. wiss. Zool., vol. liii. Suppl. pp. 136-159, pi. ix. 



5. Bury, H. 1888. (The Early Stages in the Development of Antedmi rosacea.) 



Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London, vol. clxxix. (1888), B., pp. 257-300, pis. 

 xlii.-xlvii. 



tj. - - 1889. (Studies in the Embryology of the Echiuoderms.) Quart. 

 Journ. Micr. Sci., N.S. vol. xxix. pp. 409-449, pis. xxxvii.-xxxix. 



7. - 1895. (The Metamorphosis of Echinoderms.) Quart. Journ. Micr. 



Sci., N.S. vol. xxxviii. pp. 45-135, pis. iii.-ix. 



8. C'ar2)cnter, P. H. 1878-85, -87. (Notes on Echiiioderm Morphology i.) 



Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci., N.S. vol. xviii. pp. 351-383 ; (ii.) vol. xix. pp. 

 176-206 ; (iii.) vol. xx. pp. 321-329 ; (iv.) vol. xxi. pp. 169-193, pis. xi., 

 xii. ; (v.) vol. xxii. pp. 371-386 ; (vi.) vol. xxiii. pp. 597-616 ; (vii.) vol. 

 xxiv. pp. 1-23, pi. i. ; (viii.) vol. xxiv. pp. 319-327 ; (ix.) vol. xxv. Suppl. 

 pp. 139-155 ; (x.) vol. xxvii. pp. 379-391 ; (xi.) vol. xxviii. pp. 303-317. 



9. Crety, C. 1894. (Contribuzioue alia conoscenza dell' ovo ovarico.) Ric. Lab. 



Anat. Roma, vol. iv. pp. 261-281, pi. xiv. [Contains Bibliography.] 

 10. Cuenot, L. 1891. (Eludes morphologiques sur les Echinodermes.) Arch. 

 Biol., vol. xi. (1891), pp. 313-680, pis. xxiv.-xxxi. [Gives good Biblio- 

 graphy.] 



