THE FOUR LAWS OF AGE 237 



supplied with a series of the indispensable physiologi- 

 cal functions, all those which are concerned with the 

 taking in and utilising of food. The organs of diges- 

 tion, assimilation, circulation, and excretion are all 

 functionally active at birth. The sense organs are also 

 able to work. Sense of taste and of smell are doubt- 

 fully present. It is maintained that they are already 

 active, but they do not show themselves except in re- 

 sponse to very strong stimulation. Almost the only 

 additional faculty which the child has is that of mo- 

 tion, but the motions of the new-born baby are per- 

 fectly irregular, accidental, purposeless, except the 

 motions which are connected with the function of 

 sucking, upon which the child depends for its nourish- 

 ment. The instinct of sucking, the baby does have at 

 birth. It might be described as almost the only 

 equipment beyond the mere physiological working of 

 its various organs. But at one month we find that 

 this uninformed baby has made a series of important 



authorities I have consulted having presented the matter with special reference 

 to the age rate. I have drawn chiefly from the following publications : 



Compayre "La psychologic de 1'enfant," Revue philosophique, vi., 1878, 464- 

 481. 



Ch. Darwin, "Biographical Sketch of an Infant," Mind, ii., 1877, 285-294. 



Louise Hogan, Study of a Child, New York, 1898. 



Kussmaul, Seelenleben des neugeborenen Menschen, 1896. 



Kathleen Moore, "Mental Development of a Child," Psycho! Re-view, Sup- 

 plement, Oct., 1896. 



Oppenheim, The Development of a Child, New York, 1898. 



Wm. Preyer, The Mind of the Child. Translated by H. W. Brown. 2 vols. 

 One of the most important and suggestive works on the subject. 



M. W. Shinn, The Biography of a Baby, Boston, 1900. An excellent book, 

 both authoritative and readable. 



Amy E. Tanner, The Child, New York, 1904. 



