342 THE VITAMINES 



subjects were in splendid health for 16 months, so that a lack of 

 animal protein and fat can not be regarded as the cause of pellagra 

 and war edema, since they were on this diet much longer than is 

 required for the development of this disease. Bang (1222) believes, 

 however, that Hindhede's experimental subjects are exceptions and 

 hence his results can not be used without further confirmation, 

 especially as regards children and consumptives. 



Hindhede assumed that a gram of potato or bread protein when 

 assimilated, corresponds exactly to a gram of meat or milk protein, 

 but this conception has failed to gain recognition up to the present. 

 In a new series of rat experiments, McCollum, Simmonds and 

 Parsons (1222a) observed that the internal organs, especially the 

 kidney, can supplement effectively the diet of plant origin. Neu- 

 mann (1223) believes that it is possible to live on an exclusive bread 

 diet. Dollner (1224), however, in the description of the etiology of 

 hunger edema, called it "potato sickness." He saw this condition 

 develop on large amounts of potatoes and cereals. Kraszewski 

 (1225) believes that potatoes are poor in calcium and magnesium 

 and hence must be supplemented with bread and vegetables. Un- 

 fortunately the individual investigators are not agreed as to the 

 protein minimum. Jansen (1226) figured that for a man weighing 

 62 kilos, 2000 calories and 60.5 grams protein are necessary; but the 

 diets used by Hindhede were much richer in calories. Sherman 

 (1227) calculated that for an adult weighing 70 kilos, 44.4 grams 

 protein per day are necessary. Taylor (1228), in his studies on the 

 nutrition of English prisoners in Germany, concluded that 70 to 90 

 grams protein must be fed. Benoit (1229) investigated in Germany, 

 the metabolism of a number of prisoners (Russian officers) and found 

 that they maintained themselves without complaint for 16 months 

 on 48 grams protein and 1700 calories, the protein being partly 

 vegetable and partly animal. Botazzi (1230) was opposed to the 

 introduction into the Italian army, of Chittenden's figures. Kruse 

 and Hintze (1231) accepted three-quarters of Voit's food standards. 

 Praussnitz (1232) also discussed this matter. Stille (1233) supported 

 the views of Hindhede against those of Rubner. Hindhede recorded 

 the diet on which he and his family lived during the war, which 

 consisted of 54.6 grams protein and 2100 calories. Funk, Lyle and 

 McCaskey (1234) reported a 20 day metabolism experiment on four 

 men, receiving yeast, rice and white bread. A nitrogen balance was 



