154 THE VITAMINES 



developed a condition which resembled infantile scurvy in its symp- 

 toms, while in grown monkeys, the symptoms were more like those in 

 grown people. In their book, they gave a detailed enumeration of 

 the symptoms and the pathological findings (with many illustrations), 

 so that we must refer the reader to this book for greater details. 

 Particularly were the changes in the bones accurately described. The 

 experiments of Hart were confirmed by Talbot, Todd and Peterson 

 (453), and a few years later by Harden and Zilva (454). The latter 

 produced scurvy on a diet containing only traces of vitamine B, but 

 concluded that in future investigations, it would seem desirable that 

 the diet should contain sufficient vitamine A and B. In our opinion, 

 too, this is very important, since in vitamine studies, it must be so 

 arranged that only a single factor is lacking. Harden and Zilva 

 were able to cure the disease by means of antiscorbutics. In a later 

 publication, they (455) showed that it took two months to develop 

 scurvy in monkeys. The diet used by them consisted of 300 grams 

 of rice, 50 grams of wheat germ, 2 grams of salts and 5 grams of butter. 

 A daily administration of 2 cc. orange juice per os sufficed to protect 

 the animals against scurvy. If smaller doses were given, the animals 

 developed scurvy, with paralysis of the hind legs, which appeared to 

 be a pseudo-paralysis. It is interesting to note that the monkey 

 requires less vitamine C than does the guinea pig. A monkey 

 weighing from two to three kilos needs as much as a guinea pig 

 weighing 300 to 400 grams. 



Among other symptoms, Hart and Lessing (I.e. 452) noticed an 

 exophthalmus on the left side, with severe hemorrhagic edema of the 

 upper eye-lids. The same observation was also made by Zilva and 

 Still (456). 



Chemical studies of the mineral metabolism of the scorbutic 

 monkey were made by Howard and Ingvaldsen (457). In this 

 case, the disease was produced with condensed milk in 4 months. 

 Loss of salts, usually so marked in man and guinea pigs, was not 

 noted here. 



Harden and Zilva (458) reported an experiment on three monkeys,, 

 two years of age, fed on 250 to 300 grams of rice, 10 grams of yeast 

 extract (marmite), 2 grams of salts and 4 cc. orange juice. One of 

 these animals received no fat and no vitamine A, and developed an 

 edema with diarrhoea in 289 days. The second animal received 

 butter and lived 299 days, whereupon the experiment was interrupted. 



