THE VITAMINES IN THE ANIMAL KINGDOMS 95 



the characteristics of starvation, and expressed by a distinct aversion 

 to rice. In 66 per cent of all cases, both types occurred together. 

 In Segawa's experiments, some animals remained in good condition 

 for about 219 days; this may perhaps have been due to the possibility 

 that the animals had eaten traces of other food, such as flies and 

 vermin. He erroneously considered the disease as a real polyneuritis. 

 Tasawa (268) observed that the marked emaciation and starvation 

 could be avoided by an addition of egg-yolk or cooked meat, where- 

 upon only clear beriberi symptoms are noted. 



As we shall see later in pigeons, fatigue plays a big part in the 

 development of acute symptoms. In accord with this, Hulshoff Pol 



FIG. 11. AVIAN BERIBERI 

 Second day symptoms (Fraser-Stanton) 



(269) found that forced feeding accelerates the acute symptoms, and 

 Williams and Johnston (270) found that the same effect could be 

 hastened by increased temperature and exercise. 



Pigeons 



The problem as to the normal food requirements of pigeons appears 

 to be much simpler than that of chickens. Since pigeons may be 

 raised in the laboratory with little difficulty and since they do not 

 eat vermin and flies, the feeding experiments may be conducted with 

 greater exactness. Young pigeons, after they have been hatched, are 

 fed alternately by their parents, so that it is possible, through the 



