THE VITAMINES IN THE ANIMAL KINGDOM 



157 



between the proteins and the carbohydrates is disturbed in favor of 

 the latter. All these conditions may affect the clinical picture of 

 rickets as we understand it. 



Most of the pathological conditions which we designate as human 

 deficiency diseases find their replica in animal affections already 

 described. The diseases have been produced experimentally and are 

 regarded by our greatest specialists as identical with human avitam- 

 inoses. However, this does not exhaust our data on the subject. 



DAYS 



FIG. 37. THREE SEPARATE ORANGE JUICE (O.J.) ADDITIONS IN A PERIOD 

 OF 60 DAYS GAVE UNIFORM WEIGHT INCREASES 



During period I, an increase in the food produced no corresponding increase 

 in weight. When the usual quantity of orange juice (15 cc.) was given at 

 B, a second increase in food was made. The effect of the two food increases 

 (dextri-maltose D.M.) was distinctly less than that produced by the larger 

 quantity of orange juice. Orange juice from which the B-vitamine was 

 removed by kaolin showed no such effect (Byfield, Daniels and Loughlin). 



Exact experiments have also been conducted on man, having the 

 convincing value of a well-planned animal experiment. Thus, we are 

 familiar with clinical cases in which the food intake was controlled, 

 so that the course of the particular disease could be followed quite 

 accurately. From what has been said, it is clear that we are no longer 

 concerned with conjectures in the classification of human avitami- 

 noses. We are in possession of proof, which makes it certain that 

 man needs at least three vitamines antiberiberi (B), antirachitic 

 (A), and antiscorbutic (C). 



