THE ORDERS OF THE MAMMALIA. 101 



Three orders possess a ZONARY DECIDUATE placenta 



1. The GARNI VORA. The teeth are enamelled, and always 

 consist of incisors, canines and molars. There are milk and 

 permanent teeth. 



The clavicles are always more or less rudimentary. The 

 hallux and pollex, when present, resemble the other digits in 

 mobility and in the character of their nails. The teats are not 

 fewer than two pair, and are abdominal. 



This order contains all the Cats, Hysenas, Civets, Dogs, 

 Bears, Weasels, Eacoons and Seals. 



2. The PROBOSCIDEA. The teeth consist only of tusk-like 

 incisors, growing from persistent pulps, and molars. There is 

 often only one set of teeth. The centra of the vertebrae are 

 remarkably short for their breadth. There are no clavicles. 

 The feet are five-toed, and the weight of the body is supported 

 by a palmar and a plantar pad of integument, which underlies 

 the toes. In standing, the knee-joint is straightened, and the 

 femur lies in a line with the leg-bones, as in man. 



The nose is prolonged into a proboscis. 



The mammae are two, and axillary. 



The Elephants, Mastodons and Dinotheria constitute this order. 



3. The HYRACOIDEA, containing the single genus Hyrax. 

 The dentition consists only of incisors and canines ; and in the 

 aged animal has the formula 



.2. 4 2 0.0 4.4 3.3 



1 22 G ao v 4A m as" 



The upper incisors have persistent pulps, and are long and 

 curved, as in Eodents. The lower are straight, and grooved 

 longitudinally. The molars resemble those of the Ehinoceros. 



The front foot has four toes, the hind three. The inner nail 

 of the hind foot is singularly curved. 



There are no clavicles. 



The stomach is simple. The intestine has two accessory 

 caeca, in addition to the ordinary one. The ureters open into 

 the fundus of the bladder, as in some Eodents. The penis of 

 the male is pendulous, and the female has six teats, four inguinal 

 and two axillary. 



