EMYDA. 17 



continuous series ; eighth pair of costals large in the adult, and, 

 like the penultimate, forming a median suture. Plastron with a 

 cutaneous femoral valve, under which the hind limb may be con- 

 cealed ; hyoplastron coossified with hypoplastron ; seven plastral 

 callosities (in the adult). Bony choanse between the orbits ; jaws 

 strong ; postorbital arch moderate, much narrower than the dia- 

 meter of the orbit ; posterior border of pterygoids with a median 

 ascending process forming a suture with the opisthotic. 



Three species are distinguished, all being Indian or Burmese. 



Synopsis of the Species. 



Head with yellow spots ; entoplastral callosity small. E. yranosa, p. 17 4 

 Head without yellow spots ; first marginal plate much 



larger than second E. vittata, p. 17. 



Head without yellow spots ; first marginal plate not 



larger than second E. scutata, p. 18. 



13. Emyda granosa. 



Testudo granosa, Schoepff, Test. p. 127, pi. xxx, A & B. 



Trionyx granosa and T. punctata, Gray, III. Ind. Zool. ii, pis. Ixiii, 



Ixiv. 

 Einyda granosa, Gil-nth. Kept. B. I. p. 45 ; Theob. Cat. p. 32 ; 



Bouleng. Cat. Chel. fyc. p. 269. 

 Emyda dura, Anders. Journ. Linn. Soc. xii, 1876, p. 514. 



Carapace and plastral callosities finely and uniformly granulate ; 

 two neural plates between the first pair of costals ; anterior marginal 

 very large, much larger than the others; seven plastral callosities, 

 of which the entoplastral is much the smallest ; the extent of these 

 callosities varies considerably, not only with age, but according 

 to individuals. Head moderate ; snout short. Skin of dorsal disk, 

 in the young, longitudinally plaited. Olive-brown above, with 

 round yellow spots on the head and back, which become less distinct 

 in adult specimens ; plastron and margin of carapace yellowish 

 white. 



Length of dorsal disk 10 inches. 



Hob. Indus and Granges plains, in rivers, canals, &c. 



14. Emyda vittata. 



Emyda punctata (non Gray), Kelaart, Prodr. p. 179. 



Emyda vittata, Peters, MB. Ak. Bert. 1854, p. 216 ; Giinth. Rept. 



B. I. p. 46 ; Theob. Cat. p. 32 ; Boulewj. Cat. Chel. $c. p. 269. 

 Emyda ceylonensis, Gray^ Cat. 8h. Rept. i, p. 64, pi. xxix A ; Giinth. 



Rept. B. I. p. 4o. 



Under this name may be provisionally grouped such specimens 

 as agree with E. granosa except in the uniform brown colour of 

 the upper parts (with or without darker bauds on the bead aud 

 neck), and usually iu the larger entoplastral aud xiphiplastral 

 callosities. The constancy of these characters and the correlation 



