152 



than third ; fourth toe a little longer than third, fifth extending 

 beyond first. Tail rounded, depressed at the base, covered with 

 rather large spinose scales arranged in rings, two rings forming a 

 distinct segment ; the length of the tail does not equal quite twice 

 the distance from gular fold to vent. Male with a large patch of 

 callose prseanal scales and an enormous patch of similar scales on 

 the belly. Olivaceous above, with round yellowish black-edged 

 spots, the black frequently forming a network ; vertebral region 

 yellowish ; limbs with more or less distinct yellowish cross bars ; 

 lower surface yellowish in the female, blackish in the breeding male. 



From snout to vent 5 inches. 



Hab. From the Caucasus to Persia, Baluchistan, and Afghanistan. 

 This species occurs near Quetta. 



Genus PHRYNOCEPHALUS, 



Kaup, lew, 1825, p. 591. 



Tympanum hidden. Body depressed. No dorsal crest. A 

 transverse gular fold ; no gular sac. Tail cylindrical or transversely 

 oval in section. No femoral or praeanal pores. 



Distribution. Central Asia, borders of the Caspian Sea, Persia, 

 Baluchistan. 



Sand-Agamoids, stated to be viviparous. Some 15 species are 

 known, of which four occur in Baluchistan and one in Northern 

 Kashmir. 



Fig. 44. Head of Phrynocephahis olivieri. 

 Synopsis of Indian Species. 



A. Dorsal lepidosis composed of small scales inter- 



mixed with scattered enlarged ones; digits feebly 

 fringed ; no spinose scales on sides of head and 

 neck P. olivieri, p. 153. 



B. Dorsal lepidosis homogeneous ; no spinose scales 



on sides of head and neck. 



a. Tail not more than If times the distance 



from gular fold to vent P. theobaldi, p. 153. 



b. Tail about twice the distance from gular fold 



to vent. 

 a'. Nasal shield separated from its fellow by 3 [p. 154. 



to 5 longitudinal series of scales P.caudivolvulus, 



b'. Nasal shields in contact P. ornatits, p. 154. 



c'. Nasal shields separated by one scale P. maculatus, p. 155. 



C. Dorsal lepidosis heterogeneous ; digits strongly 



fringed ; sides of head and neck with series of [p. 155. 



erect pointed scales P. hdeoguttatus, 



