204 



EMBRYOLOGY. 



of the embryo furnishes in the case of the Eeptiles and Birds the 



yolk-sac and certain embryonic membranes. I shall speak of the 



development of these in the next chapter. 



The fate of the extra-embryonic area of the blastoderm in Fishes 



is more simple, since there is formed from it only a sac for the 



reception of the yolk. 



Fig. 123 exhibits the embryo (Em) of a Selachian, which has 



arisen by the 'infolding of a small area of the germ-layers in the 



manner described for 

 the Chick. All the 

 remaining part of 

 the egg has become 

 a great yolk-sac (ds), 

 which is united with 

 the middle of the 

 belly by means of a 

 long stalk. 



The Teleosts (Plate 

 I., fig. 6) show us 

 transitions from this 



Fig. 123. Advanced embryo of a Shark (Pristiurus), after condition to One in 



an, A Embryo ; dg, yolk-sac ; st, stalk of the yolk-sac ; av, arteria wblc51 the yolk-Sac, 

 v itellina ; m, vena vitellina. OS., in Amphibians, 



is not separated by 



a stalk from the mesenteron, but represents only a capacious 

 enlargement of the latter and of the belly- wall. 



Let us now examine more carefully the structure of the yolk-sac. 

 As has been remarked already, all four of the germ-layers spread 

 themselves out one after another around the unsegmented yolk-mass 

 of meroblastic eggs (Plate I., figs. 6 and 7). As in the embryonal 

 body the two middle germ-layers separate from each other and allow 

 the body-cavity to appear between them, so, too, at a later stage 

 the same process occurs in the extra-embryonic area. Throughout 

 the region of the middle germ-layer there is formed a narrow 

 fissure, for which the name " extra-embryonic body-cavity," or 

 blastospheric ccelom (cavity of the blastoderm, KOLLIKER), would be 

 most suitable. It separates the envelope of the yolk into two layers, 

 of which the inner is the immediate continuation of the intestinal 

 wall (splanchnopleure), the outer, on the contrary, that of the body- 

 wall (somatopleure). Therefore, to be exact, we have before us a 

 double sac formed around the yolk, which we can distinguish as 



