THE VIRGIN COWS. 353 



DEAD PUPS. 



There is a dead pup on the rocks high up out of the way, iu a position where it 

 could not very well have been crushed. It has probably been injured and crawled up 

 there to die. It is impossible to get near to examine it on account of the bulls. ' 

 Near by is another dead pup in much the same condition. 



On Zoltoi cliffs are trails on which the bachelors come up and go down. There 

 are others on the steep western slope of Gorbatch. It would be hard tor a man to 

 climb them. In getting down they sometimes drop iu places 6 feet or more on jagged 

 rocks. In no case do they seem to be hurt by such a jump. 



VIRGIN cows. 



There are many little harems apparently of virgins, with an occasional adult cow 

 and pup, along the edge of the hauling ground on Keef rookery. These are in charge 

 of 5 or 6 year old bulls. Two of these harems, each with a small cow, are in a position 

 to be easily got at, and to-morrow an effort will be made to determine whether or not 

 these are virgin cows. The bachelors seem to worry them, but the sex is uncertain 

 yet. A harem containing several supposed virgins has some old cows iu it twice as 

 big as the little ones. A harein consisting of 1 cow is in the hauling ground, and the 

 cow goes off, leaving the pup. 



A bull is holding a little brown cow by main force and roughness. She bites him 

 on the neck, and he has a great time holding her. She must be a virgin. The bull 

 smells of her genitals. She is very small, not over 40 pounds in weight. She has a 

 large head and eyes like a pup. She tries to run away, but comes back at every 

 motion of the bull. The bull seizes her and holds her down by main force, watching 

 her every movement, regardless of the observers 10 feet away. The cow hangs tightly 

 to his neck. She runs toward us once, as if without fear. Perhaps all this is love 

 making, but if so it is terribly harsh. Both bull and cow are getting tired. He fans 

 himself with his hind flippers, voiding excrement. The little cow is probably coining 

 in heat. Her nipples are very small. She has never had a pup, although in color she 

 is like the old cows. 



STARAYA ARTEL. 



Mr. Lucas visited Staraya Artel rookery, making the following notes : This 

 rookery has spread out and thinned since our visit on July 9. The idle bulls have 

 disappeared from the upper part, but there are many about the lower portion. Twenty 

 old bulls were counted in one bunch. Many of the younger bulls seem to have secured 

 cows, and the influx of these young animals is very perceptible. As nearly as can be 

 counted there are now 75 harems. This is a larger number of harems than were 

 found at the former count. 



NORTH ROOKERY. 



At North rookery, where the harem of 135 cows was, there are now 9 harems, 2 of 

 them back on the hill very far from the former solitary harem. Here, as on Staraya 



This pup was secured later with a fish hook on a bamboo pole. 



