GORBATCH AND KITOVI ROOKERIES. 303 



yearling is afraid to go off alone, though every bull he comes near chases him and 

 bellows at him. It may be that the young male was born in this rookery and instinct 

 brings him back to the spot. He is fast learning that it is a place where he is not 

 wanted. 



A big, greenish-backed female in the harem in the head of Ardigueu tries to run 

 away, but the bull seizes her by the neck and beats her nose against the rock till it 

 bleeds. He dragged her back into the harem by main force. She bites him in the 

 neck, but has to submit. Sex equality is not the rule here. She remonstrates and 

 the bull scolds. The cows and bulls seem to converse mouth to mouth. 



The breeding ground 1 on which the above observations were made consists of a 

 small group of isolated harems, 27 in all, this season, containing 652 cows, as counted 

 by Mr. Townsend on July 13, which lie in a particularly favorable location for 

 observation. The harems are scattered along the rocky beach for a distance of 

 several hundred yards. Xear the southern extremity a gully leads up and back to the 

 level of the hauling ground of Reef rookery. In the gully itself and on the flat 

 about its mouth are a number of harems. At the side of the gully toward Gorbatch 

 the cliff rises to a considerable height and overhangs these harems, affording a view 

 at close range without disturbing the animals. 



Pups and cows seem to be present on this rookery in equal numbers. The pups 

 are podding back from the harems in the massed portion of the slope. 



On the level above the slope lies a bull which has been dead for some time. He is 

 too far decomposed to permit of examination as to the cause of death. 



GORBATCH. 



A few half bulls and bachelors are on the level parade ground above the cinder 

 slope. In early times the space used to be covered with them crossing over and back 

 between the Beef and Gorbatch. They are seldom seen to cross now. 



Whole harems of seals are to be seen stretched out sleeping. Some lie on their 

 backs with their flippers folded up. Others lie on their bellies with their flippers 

 folded under them. Still others with their flippers stretched out on either side and 

 behind. They have as many attitudes as a dog on a hot day. Occasionally a cow or 

 a bull is to be seen asleep, sitting up with head thrown back and nose in the air. 

 Others hang limply over rocks, with heads hanging down. 



The idle bulls are a fine lot. The younger bulls are grizzled on the back of the 

 neck. In another stage they are black with brownish edgings. The oldest bulls 

 show the brownish mane, or even the whole body a buffalo color. Occasionally one 

 has a shade of warm yellow. 



The cows are all shades of dove color, mouse color, dark brown, silvery gray, and 

 warm brown. There is much less variation in size among them than among the bulls. 



DR. STEJNEGER'S NOTES ON KITOVI ROOKERY. 



Beginning at photographic station 12, at the boundary line between Lukanin and 

 Kitovi rookery, Mr. Lucas and myself spent the day in counting the cows by 

 harems around to Kitovi Point. Beyond the point it was found impracticable to 



'From the frequency of our subsequent observations ou this territory a separate name was 

 afterwards ^iven to it Ardi<jueu, the Aleut name for "a pile of stones." This name is here used in 

 substitution for the local name the "Slide." 



