DISSECTIONS OF PUPS. 389 



10. Female, in poor condition; lungs crushed and very badly congested ; other 

 organs normal; trampled upon when weak. 



11. Female, in good condition ; lungs crushed and badly congested ; head uninjured ; 

 stomach full of milk; crushed. 



12. A well-fed male found under a rock so wedged in that it was with great 

 difficulty that the rocks could be crowded apart to release it. These bowlders must 

 have been piled upon the pup by the recent heavy surf, as he has not been dead long; 

 lungs show congestion ; heart has little blood ; stomach full of milk ; had been drowned 

 and washed up by the surf. 



13. A female, in fair condition, but little fat; lungs badly congested; very recently 

 dead; uncertain whether death was caused by drowning or trampling; found in the 

 rocks, where might have been crushed by water bulls or washed up by surf. 



14. Female, very greatly emaciated, not a scrap of fat; lungs very badly congested ; 

 heart full of clotted blood; evidently smothered under pressure of bull while in a 

 starving condition. 



15. Female; fat; well fed; lungs badly congested, especially on right side; empty 

 of air; heart crushed and filled with clotted blood; stomach full of milk; crushed. 



16. Male; rather thin; found in the sand; skin and muscles much bruised about 

 the shoulders; lungs very much congested; heart full of clotted blood; aorta full of 

 blood; liver very dark; but recently dead; crushed to death. 



17. Female, found in the sand ; fair condition ; some time dead ; lungs discolored ; 

 somewhat congested; heart nearly empty of blood; a little milk in the stomach; air 

 completely pressed out of lungs; sat upon by a bull. 



18. Female, well nourished; found in the edge of the rocks just off the sandy 

 tract; milk*pouring out of its mouth; lungs somewhat congested and wholly devoid 

 of air; breast crushed flat; crushed by bull. 



19. A fat female pup, well nourished; plenty of milk in stomach; lungs badly 

 congested; pressed flat; no air in them; heart almost empty of blood; crushed to 

 death. 



CAUSE OF DEATH. 



The foregoing pups were all picked up either in the edge of the sandy tract or on 

 the rocks adjacent to it at the angle of Tolstoi rookery with English Bay. At 

 the point in question the seals have been very thickly massed and there has been a 

 great deal of fighting among the bulls. The harems at the point incline to extend in 

 a thin wedge toward the sands of the beach beyond the rocks. The bachelors have 

 probably attempted to make a short cut in going to sea and this has resulted in 

 fighting and been the cause of the excessive mortality at the point. The same condition, 

 however, extends the length of the flat sandy area devoid of stones. It is evident 

 that there can not be less than a thousand dead pups in all here. 



LIVING PUPS. 



A little pup was found fastened between the rocks in such a way that he could 

 not get out, and when released was in a very weak condition, either through injury 

 from the pressure of the rocks or through hunger. He went slowly and painfully up 

 out of the rocks to the sand. A pup in this condition must fall a victim to the first 

 bull that runs over him. 



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