LUKANIN AND ARDIGUEN. 395 



milk, containing at least a pint; both lungs crushed, the right lung utterly collapsed; 

 other organs in normal condition; has evidently been stepped upon and crushed. 



A little pup was found gasping, with a spasm like hiccough for each breath. It 

 was killed. A small female pup, very lean; the right lung congested, 1 hardly 

 crepitating; left lung normal; other organs likewise; stomach wholly empty; lower 

 part of small intestines full of dark greenish fecal matter; starvation the probable 

 cause. It is interesting to note that this pup, which was evidently starving, had the 

 symptoms ascribed by early observers to death by sunstroke. It was starving. 



ROOKERY CONDITIONS. 



This part of Lukaniu is less steep, the rocks are smaller and smoother, and it 

 adjoins the hauling ground, which is a source of danger to straying pups before the 

 idle bulls leave. All idle bulls are now away from their former positions behind the 

 harems; they lie sleeping on the sands, or are busy on the rookeries, which the old 

 bulls have as a rule now left. Those having harems of virgins are still interested. 

 The idle bulls are to some extent needed in the economy of the rookery. A case of 

 copulation was seen, apparently unsuccessful, for the time being at least. 



In the rain one mother lies partly on her back. A pup climbs on her and lies 

 there. She sleeps on, but the pup is awake and restless. 



A cow becomes alarmed at us and plunges off a 10-foot vertical cliff, falling on her 

 back on the stones. She gets up and moves on, seemingly all right. The pup follows 

 and falls 6 or 8 feet, striking on its feet. 



A pup, otherwise well looking, has one eye gone. The hole is full of yellow pus 

 which runs out in quantities. It may be the work of the gulls. They pick out the eyes 

 of dead pups and might peck at the eye of a sleeping pup, thus destroying it. It is 

 said that a very considerable number of young pups are killed on Kobben Island in 

 this way by the burgomaster gull. A reward of 5 copecks (5 pence), it is said, has 

 been offered on this account for each bird killed by the natives. 



One old bull who has waited all the season behind Lukanin has now two cows in 

 charge. The photograph of last year shows a small harem in the same position. 

 Probably few of the idle bulls fail wholly to get cows before the season is over. 



A female pup, but recently dead, was opened; stomach found to be filled with 

 milk, its walls slightly injured; lungs flat, greatly congested, crepitating; its heart 

 was full of clotted blood; left lobe of liver congested. Evidently died from crushing. 



A dead cow seen on Lukanin rookery had froth issuing from her mouth. Milk 

 oozed out of the opening where a wound caused by a bite occurred in her belly. 



ARDIGUEN. 



The bull in harem A is on his shelf, active and very lean; he has 8 or 10 cows. 

 The old green-backed cow, often referred to, is there. B is in his place with 2 

 cows. C is active and holds 16. X is below A, with pups about him and 4 cows 

 near. A new bull, very black, is in A's old place. Z is back with 4 cows, one very 

 affectionate, lazily biting him. Eleven cows scattered below X. D is active, with 

 some 10 cows or more. F is fast asleep with 2. E and G are both gone and have 



1 This congestion was found later to be a characteristic of starvation, as was also the dark fecal 

 matter, the latter due to bile. 



15184, PT 2 10 



