THE FOOD AND GAME FISHES OF NEW YORK. 333 



eye to the end of the opercle. The ventral is under the posterior part of the dorsal ; 

 its length is about one-half that of the head. The adipose dorsal is placed over the 

 end of the anal base ; it is long and expanded at the end. The caudal is emarginate 

 in young examples, but nearly truncate in specimens 10 inches long. The pectoral 

 is nearly one-sixth of the length without the caudal. In the male the jaws are pro- 

 duced, and very old ones have a hook. The maxilla extends to the hind margin of 

 the eye. The triangular head of the vomer has a transverse series of teeth, and the 

 shaft of the bone bears two opposite or alternating series of strong persistent teeth. 

 D. 13-14; A. 'lo-n ; P. 13; V. 9. Scales 25-20-30; pyloric caeca 38-51 ; vertebrae 

 57-58- 



On the head, body and dorsal fin usually numerous red and black spots, the latter 

 circular or X-shaped and some of them with a pale border ; yellowish margin usually 

 present on the front of the dorsal and anal and the outer part of the ventral. The 

 dark spots are few in number below the lateral line. The ground color of the body 

 is brownish or brownish black, varying with food and locality. 



Names. In European countries in which this species is native it bears the name 

 of trout or brook trout or the equivalents of these terms. In Germany it is bach- 

 forelle ; in Italy, trota ; in France, truite. In the United States it is known as the 

 Brown Trout and von Behr trout, the latter in honor of Herr von Behr, president of 

 the Deutscher Fischerie Verein, who has been very active in the acclimation of the 

 fish in America. 



Distribution. The Brown Trout is widely distributed in Continental Europe and 

 inhabits lakes as well as streams, especially in Norway and Sweden. Tributaries of 

 the White Sea, the Baltic, the Black Sea and the Caspian contain this species. In 

 Great Britain it lives in lakes and streams and has reached a high state of perfec- 

 tion ; in Germany and Austria, however, the Trout is a characteristic fish, and our 

 supply has been drawn principally from the former country. Moreau found it at an 

 elevation of 7,000 feet in the Pyrenees, and a color variety is native to Northern 

 Algeria in about 37 north latitude. In the United States the Brown Trout has 

 been successfully reared in Colorado at an elevation of nearly 2 miles above sea 

 level ; it is now well established in New York, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Missouri, 

 Michigan. Wisconsin, Nebraska, Colorado, and several other States. This Trout has 

 proved to be well adapted to the region east of the Rocky Mountains, which has no 

 native black spotted species, though the western streams and lakes contain many 

 forms in a high state of development. 



Size. Under favorable conditions the Brown Trout has been credited with a 

 weight of 22 pounds and a length of 35 inches. In New Zealand rivers, where it 



