18 CHARLES R. STOCKARD 



be suspected and investigated. There is still another possi- 

 bility: that a temporary glandular modification acting for 

 only a short time during development may have impressed 

 certain organs then at a critically susceptible stage. This 

 possibility is subject to genetic proof and in the cases tested 

 we have found it to be inapplicable. 



Familiarity with these exaggerated modifications of growth 

 equips the observer with the basic knowledge for detecting 

 mild degrees of the same expressions which are commonly 

 seen in normal individuals. A satisfactory and practical 

 understanding of human types can probably be arrived at 

 most easily through a thorough analysis of these strongly 

 modified expressions. If a correlation exists between the 

 inherited qualities of endocrine secretions and peculiarities 

 of structural features, no doubt such associations can be more 

 readily recognized and analyzed in fully manifested cases. 

 The less marked conditions in the so-called "normal" in- 

 dividuals may then later lend themselves to more refined and 

 expert analysis. 



Among dogs, just as among people, mild degrees of bull- 

 head, short legs and certain skin and bone overgrowths, 

 exophthalmos with restlessness, tendencies toward thin and 

 emaciated conditions, or the reverse, an excessive accumula- 

 tion of fat and overweight, are constantly observed. Closely 

 the same functional reactions and typical behaviors as found 

 in individuals with extreme manifestations are associated 

 with even these mild expressions in different species of ani- 

 mals. Deviations in the function of endocrine glands during 

 different periods of the individual's existence are well known 

 to bring about, or be associated with, structural and functional 

 changes of diagnostic significance, yet how much responsi- 

 bility for these changes can be attributed to the glands as 

 prima-facie cause it is difficult to determine in the natural 

 occurrences. Probably the initial cause lies behind the gland 

 modification and this change can scarcely be thought to arise 

 spontaneously within the gland itself, in spite of our ignorance 

 of the initiating process. No one knows precisely the initiat- 



