104 CHARLES R. STOCKARD 



four breeds have been photographed on a single plate to 

 facilitate comparison. For our present purposes, the front 

 leg skeletons have certain advantages over those of the hind 

 legs, for although the hind limb skeletons would show the 

 same conditions, it would not be so clearly presented for 

 comparative purposes. 



The long, slender and graceful leg skeleton of the Salnki 

 is at the left in figure 1. The scapula is somewhat rectangular 

 in shape and much longer dorso-ventrally than in anterior- 

 posterior width, and the index of width to length is low. 

 The humerus in this dog is longer and straighter than in the 

 other three legs and has but a very slight curve. The lengths 

 of the radius and ulna in the Saluki leg are even more exag- 

 gerated than the length of humerus, and these bones are very 

 slender in comparison with the same two bones in the other 

 three breeds. The lower half of the Saluki ulna is not only 

 slender but almost attenuated, as is clearly shown in the 

 figure and emphasized by comparison with the other skeletons. 

 It must be carefully noted that the distal epiphysis or process 

 of the ulna in this leg extends far below the distal end of 

 the radius and thus insures the straight front position of 

 the foot, rendering an abducted posture impossible. The 

 metacarpal bones in the Saluki fore-foot are also long and 

 slender in comparison with the other skeletons. 



The second leg skeleton in figure 1 is that of the German 

 shepherd dog. This is not so long nor so straight in total 

 posture as the Saluki skeleton. The bones are thicker and 

 heavier with the processes for muscle attachments more 

 strongly pronounced. The width to length of the scapula 

 gives a higher index than in the Saluki. The straightness in 

 posture of the foot is also less decided. The skeleton of the 

 shepherd dog is a normal standard and shows no tendency 

 to incline towards any specific modification. This skeleton 

 would seem to be the intermediate norm from which the 

 deviations have departed. 



The third leg skeleton in this figure is that of the bulldog, 

 and it differs from the shepherd skeleton in quite opposite 



