276 CHARLES E. STOCKARD AND A. L. JOHNSON 



of the bulldog. Tlie extreme facial reduction surpasses that 

 of the bulldog, and the mandible is so shortened as to almost 

 correspond with the maxilla. The Brussels griffon is highly 

 nervous and excitable in its behavior, differing completely 

 from the stubborn and persistent nature of the bulldog. 



Plate 38 illustrates the long skull of the greyhound-like 

 Saluki in contrast with several aspects of the dwarfed and 

 partially expressed bull typed Boston terrier skull. The 

 characteristics of the Boston terrier skull as compared with 

 those of the English bulldog are readily evident. 



These two plates of skull types may be supplemented by 

 referring again to text-figure 54 (p. 219). At the top of this 

 figure a dimensionally proportioned outline of the bulldog 

 skull is shown superimposed over the outline of the German 

 shepherd skull, illustrating the differences in length and 

 height from point to point in these two skull patterns. 



With the foregoing features in mind, we may now examine, 

 for comparative purposes, the so-called bulldog typed skull 

 from another animal species. The bulldog deformity in a 

 human skull is illustrated in plate 51, which shows crown 

 and basal views of three human skulls. Figure 2 illustrates 

 a long dolichocephalic skull with a cranial index of 72.58. 

 Figure 3 is a short, wide brachycephalic specimen with an 

 index of 100; this skull is exactly as wide as long. For com- 

 parison with these two, the top and bottom aspects of an 

 achondroplasic human bulldog typed skull with a cranial 

 index of 80.79 are shown in figure 1. 



The basal views of the three skulls have been photographed 

 with the oral surface of the bony palates on as nearly as 

 possible an exact horizontal plane. With the skulls in this 

 position, the observer looks directly down on the complete 

 more or less circular outline of the foramen magnum of 

 the two normal though different typed skulls. The long skull 

 differs from the extremely brachycephalic skull simply in 

 details of shape; the structural arrangements are quite 

 similar. The basicranium of the brachycephalic skull is some- 



