GENETIC TYPE AND THE ENDOCRINES 291 



arrangements were necessary in order to prevent this bitch 

 from harming her puppies than was necessary with almost 

 any other bitch in the kennels. Her first litter of eight puppies 

 was born in a whelping compartment splendidly arranged 

 for the purpose; it had proved to be an altogether agreeable 

 whelping environment for about 200 bitches of many breeds. 

 Yet this bitch was very nervously shy in the compartment 

 and was much disturbed by the occasional presence of the 

 attendant to supply food and water. The disturbed state was 

 expressed by the instinctive reaction to move the nest and 

 hide her puppies. She would take one after another of the 

 puppies in her mouth and carry it about as though seeking 

 escape. She finally recovered from this disturbed state and 

 was quite calm and well behaved until the pups began, at 10 

 days or 2 weeks of age, to crawl on the whelping board and 

 cry from time to time for food. The crying seemed to excite 

 and anger the bitch so that she snapped and bit the puppies 

 on the head and body as though to force them to be quiet. 

 This treatment, of course, provoked louder cries, and as a 

 result of the maternal reactions only one puppy was alive 

 after a few days. This lone survivor lived to maturity. 



Following this experience, arrangements were made out- 

 side the whelping kennel so that the bitch could hide away 

 and whelp in seclusion and at the same time be free to leave 

 the nest for food. Such an arrangement was quite successful 

 with this animal, although it has not been necessary nor 

 beneficial in the other cases where it was tried. 



A backcross mating between this F x shepherd-bulldog hybrid 

 and a good typed German shepherd dog was made. This 

 being the second mating for the F l female, she whelped a 

 litter of eleven puppies, six males and five females. Five 

 of the puppies died within 2 days after birth because of an 

 initially poor maternal reaction. Fortunately, however, the 

 bitch's reactions were adjusted very promptly, and four males 

 and two females were reared to adult age. 



