GENETIC TYPE AND THE ENDOCRINES 313 



and the cranial width, tends to be low for the long basset- 

 hound skull and higher for the bulldog skull, a relation 

 similar to those in text-figures 65, 66 and 67 where widths 

 of skull regions are divided by lengths. The straight distance 

 as measured from auditory meatus to bregma involves to 

 some extent cranial width as well as height. The width enters 

 into both the measurements involved in the estimation of this 

 breadth-height index. The breadth-height index concerns 

 strictly cranial measurements, as does the cranial index itself. 

 In neither of these indices are the pure skulls of this cross 

 clearly differentiated by their values. Cranial indices for 

 the three bassethound and eight bulldog skulls overlap, as 

 do also the breadth-height indices, although the overlapping 

 in the latter is not nearly so great in extent. The breadth- 

 height index seems to differentiate between the skulls of 

 the two types more effectively than does the cranial index. 



The three bassethound skulls range in value for breadth- 

 height index of the cranium from 84 to 89, while the eight 

 bulldog skulls show values ranging from 88 to 102. Only two 

 of the eight bulldog crania are down within the bassethound 

 range ; the others are well above, and one of these far beyond 

 the bassethound indices. This, along with what was found 

 for the cranial indices, would show that while cranial shape 

 and proportions in the bassethound and bulldog skulls are 

 not greatly different, there is nevertheless a definite short- 

 wide inclination in the bulldog cranium. This shape may be 

 a secondary effect of the shortened basicranium on the upper 

 cranial curvatures and, therefore, not always clearly pro- 

 nounced. Such a suggestion is emphasized by referring back 

 to plate 51 (p. 277) in which the photographs of a human 

 achondroplasic dwarf skull, and skulls of low and high cranial 

 indices are shown. The top of the cranium of the achondro- 

 plasic skull is definitely inclined in outline toward the long- 

 dolichocephalic type. The reduction in length of the cranial 

 dome is due to the chondrodystrophic shortness and upward 

 arching of the basicranium, as is illustrated in the sagittal 



