GENETIC TYPE AND THE ENDOCRINES 559 



These dogs are disturbed when an attempt is made to 

 develop a conditioned avoiding reaction to the shock. Once 

 the signal for this reaction is introduced, the salivary re- 

 sponse becomes completely inhibited, and remains so as long 

 as the dog is in the laboratory. As we shall emphasize below, 

 the conditioned motor response occurs repeatedly to the signal 

 in those dogs without reinforcement, and extreme caution 

 must be taken in order not to overexcite the animal. 



Although in detail the behavior of 1382 9 is somewhat dif- 

 ferent from that of 438 9 , these two dogs behaved in the same 

 general manner. As text-figure 95 indicates, the reactions of 

 animal 1382 9 continued for a longer period of training before 

 she became unduly restless and offered an increased resistance 

 to the laboratory procedure. In this case the training con- 

 tinued until 300 positive and 35 negative signals had been 

 applied. After this time, on certain days there was a complete 

 refusal of food. In this case the refusal of food was replaced 

 by definite antagonism to the laboratory and a tendency 

 to release herself, rather than complete passivity, as in the 

 case of animals 83 9 and 219 $ above. 



Summary. The dogs of group B are active and alert. 

 They object to the experimental procedure and any change 

 in the laboratory environment disturbs them greatly. Their 

 behavior is characterized by extreme nervousness which is 

 in danger of developing into hysteria. The conditioned sali- 

 vary response is vigorous and continues so over a long period 

 of time, and the delay of the response is short. Although 

 in most cases these animals seem to recognize the difference 

 between the positive and negative signals, even after a long- 

 period of training they repeatedly react to the negative 

 almost as vigorously as to the positive. This is due to the 

 intensity of the nervous setting for the performance and 

 the suddenness with which their nervous energy is released. 

 The dogs of this group never become habituated to the situa- 

 tion as do the dogs of group A. Most of them show a tendency 

 toward increased activity and annoyance as the experiments 



