GENETIC TYPE AND THE ENDOCRINES 615 



In many members, the maternal reaction is distorted. The 

 puppies are often neglected after whelping, and in some 

 cases there is a peculiar abnormal reaction during whelping, 

 in that the bitch, instead of eating the amnion and biting it 

 off at the proper place, chews it off too close to the body of 

 the puppy, leading to hemorrhage or later infection. Besides 

 these abnormal maternal reactions, the animal is noted for 

 undue tenacity and ferocity during excitement and is, in 

 fact, supposed to have been inbred to emphasize this tendency. 

 It has been brought out in Section V that both the thyroid 

 and pituitary of the English bulldog deviate from the normal 

 types. As emphasized there, it is possible that the mixing 

 of genetic types from different breeds and the modified 

 glandular structure correlated with it has led to the distortion 

 in both form and behavior in this dog. 



Under the food taking situation, the English bulldog formed 

 excellent salivary responses and the behavior was similar 

 to the dogs of group B. There were characteristics, however, 

 not found among these animals. A glance at the chart of 

 the reactions of 1466 $ (text-fig. 109) shows that the response 

 was vigorous. Yet it was not accompanied by all the bodily 

 movements characteristic of the dogs of group B. The re- 

 actions were, in fact, so great that due to the limitations of 

 the manometer, the total conditioned response could not be 

 measured. The chart shows the values up to .50 cc. and 

 in those cases in which the values were above .50, and over 

 1 cc. (the limit of the manometer), the columns in the chart 

 are pointed at the top. 



Another characteristic of the English bulldog was the fre- 

 quent attempts to force the disk to rotate as soon as the 

 signal began. This was an intense action, involving growling 

 at the pan, pawing with the foot, and restless movements of 

 the whole body. These reactions, together with the extreme 

 salivary secretion, indicate a hyper-excitability and inability 

 to limit the performance or to delay the reaction after the 

 immediate signal was released. During the interval between 

 signals, the animal would, as a rule, remain completely in- 



