GENETIC TYPE AND THE ENDOCKINES 105 



ways than does the Saluki. Compared with the shepherd, 

 the scapula is somewhat wider for its length and all the bones 

 are shorter and with higher indices for width to length. The 

 hnmerus is much shorter than in the shepherd but almost 

 equally as thick. The radius and ulna are short and stocky 

 but very straight. The distal condyle or epiphysis of the 

 ulna does not extend very far below the radius, as is the case 

 in the first two legs, but it is sufficiently long to prevent the 

 carpal bones from rotating beneath it to any abnormal extent. 

 Nevertheless, the front foot of the bulldog has a tendency 

 to abduct, as may be observed in many specimens of the 

 breed. The metacarpals and bones of the toes are seen to 

 be much shorter in this foot than in the first two. 



The "bench-legs" of the bulldog bring about a slightly 

 outward or lateral rotation of the leg skeleton which is no- 

 ticeable in the photograph. The four leg skeletons of this 

 group had been placed in as nearly identical positions as 

 possible, yet in such position the bones of the fore-leg and 

 foot of the bulldog are seen to be so rotated that an undue 

 amount of front surface is shown in this lateral view. 



The fourth skeleton in figure 1 illustrates the much dis- 

 torted bassethound leg. This leg presents deviations from 

 a standard type very different from the comparative differ- 

 ences shown among the first three. The scapula in the basset- 

 hound extremity has a very high index and is almost as wide 

 as it is long. This increase in scapular index is always found 

 in the achondroplasic leg. The humerus of the bassethound 

 leg is only about half as long as that of the shepherd and 

 in addition is much bent, chiefly towards the distal end; this 

 bend exaggerates the usual spiral twist of the humerus. The 

 head of the humerus sets somewhat insecurely in the fossa 

 of the scapula and the elbow joint juts out laterally from the 

 body. The radius and ulna are greatly reduced in length and 

 much bent, as well as twisted on their long axes. The epi- 

 physis or distal condyle of the ulna is almost undeveloped 

 and does not extend below the end of the radius. On this 

 account the ulna gives no opposition or fixation against out- 



