212 CHARLES R. STOCKARD AND A. L. JOHNSON 



large skulls are closely comparable to the skull type of the 

 partially dwarfed dachshund. Feature for feature, the skulls 

 in this second group are not very widely different from 

 those in the first group, but in total pattern they form a quite 

 distinct type. 



The English bulldog, French bulldog and Boston terrier 

 make up the third group of skulls, and it will be found that 

 this group is widely different in type from the other two 

 groups. Although the skulls from these three breeds are 

 highly distorted and more variable than the others, they yet 

 adhere to a pattern which is just as consistent for its type 

 as that of the wild or standard type of dog skull. 



An examination of text-figure 51 gives a very clear con- 

 ception of the features for the standard dog skull. The indices 

 of the German shepherd are represented by the solid black 

 columns, those of the foxhound by cross-hatched columns 

 and those of the Saluki by the diagonal columns. The relative 

 dimensions of the three skulls are represented in outline at 

 the top of the figure. The close similarity of the outline 

 patterns of these skulls is readily evident. 



Nine indices and eleven different dimensions and propor- 

 tions are represented in this figure. The unshaded space at 

 the top of each column indicates the total variation both 

 above and below the average for a given index or dimension. 

 The measurements represented in the chart were made on 

 seven shepherd skulls, three foxhound skulls and two Saluki 

 skulls. Skulls of these breeds are so uniform in size and type 

 that measurements from a large number of animals are un- 

 necessary for the present purpose. 



These three breeds of skulls show no large differences in 

 any of the indices or any of the linear dimensions represented. 

 The breadth-height index, the zygomatic width and the or- 

 bital width seem to be the only very variable features. All 

 other indices and dimensions not only fall surprisingly close 

 together in the three breeds, but, as indicated in the unshaded 

 areas at the tops of the columns, these features show but 

 slight variations in individuals of the same breed. This type 

 skull is evidently quite definitely and uniformly established. 



