262 CHARLES R. STOCKARD AND A. L. JOHNSON 



and long tail, and associated with these, the long slender 

 hound typed legs; this animal on short legs would be an 

 almost perfect dachshund. Figure 7 shows the male dog with 

 stocky long legs nearer bull-bone type than hound. His head 

 is shortened and heavy but far different from the complete 

 bull type, and his tail is bent and partially shortened although 

 not to the extent of that of the typical French bulldog. The 

 other two members of this litter have short, dachshund legs. 

 The animal in figure 6 has a long dachshund-like head. The 

 sister in figure 8 shows a prognathous mandible below the 

 short upper jaw, and her head, though quite definitely modi- 

 fied, is of poor bulldog type. 



The four litter mates just described were carefully pre- 

 pared and mounted in life-like postures for a permanent 

 record of their wide differences in form. Photographs of 

 these mounted specimens, each facing its own skeleton, are 

 shown in plate 47. The contrasts in head form are clearly 

 seen, both from the mounted specimens and the skeletons. 

 The heads and skulls in the two upper photographs (figs. 1 

 and 2) approach the dachshund pattern, and figures 3 and 

 4 show bulldog features. Further comparisons of the living 

 and mounted specimens, as well as other F 2 individuals, may 

 be had by referring to the photographs in plate 48. An almost 

 completely bulldog-headed young animal is shown in figure 

 4 of this plate. 



The general skull characteristics of this cross are seen 

 somewhat more clearly in plate 49. Figure 1 is from a pure 

 French bulldog and should be contrasted with the dachshund 

 skull (fig. 2). The typical F t hybrid skull is shown as figure 

 3. Figure 4, an F 2 X F,, shows a slight undershot condition 

 with opposition of the incisors ; in figure 5, an F2, the mandible 

 is undershot to a greater degree ; and in figure 6, another Fo, 

 the occlusion of the teeth is quite normal. Since both jaws 

 are equally shortened, the premolar carrying interval in this 

 skull (fig. 6) is almost obliterated. A mild degree of enamel 

 hypoplasia on some of the teeth, mostly on the canines, is 

 seen in all three skulls. 



