314 CHARLES R. STOCKARD AND A. L. JOHNSON 



outlines of the skulls (text-fig. 64, p. 279). The bulldog-like 

 head may occur in a family of dolichocephalic type just as 

 certainly as in a brachycephalic family, and this deformity 

 involves the basicranial and facial skeletal growths more than 

 it does the growth and shape of the upper cranial domes. 

 The bulldog skull modification is in no sense connected with 

 a transformation from the long into the normal short cranial 

 type. Further, this modification may be superimposed on 

 both the dolichocephalic and brachycephalic cranial types. 

 This fact may be a possible reason why certain specimens in 

 the series of pure bulldog skulls overlap the bassethound in 

 their strictly cranial measurements, and at the same time 

 other specimens of the bulldog series depart far away from 

 the bassethound indices. The bulldog mutation has probably 

 arisen among several European dog breeds, but in each case 

 the mutant is typically bulldog in spite of the type of its 

 ancestral origin. These mutants from various origins have 

 been selected and amalgamated during the past century to 

 form the present day English bulldog breed. Breeders se- 

 lecting for prize bulldog type ignored almost entirely the 

 features concerned in cranial indices, since these enter only 

 slightly into the grotesque head pattern and expression of 

 the champion bulldog. 



The breadth-height index chart shows the F t bassethound- 

 bulldog hybrids to be more or less intermediate with regard 

 to the parental stocks, although possibly they approach a 

 little nearer the bassethound index. The F 2 skulls range in 

 values for this index from 79 to 105. The lowest indices are 

 thus well below the bassethound values while the highest are 

 above the bulldog range. Only a few intermediate specimens 

 show values within the Fj range. This spread in the F^ indices 

 could be interpreted to mean that there has been a genetic 

 resorting which separates these crania into the two ancestral 

 types and, in addition, gives new combinations further tending 

 to accentuate the extremes in both parental directions. 



Strangely enough, the two backcross bassethound skulls and 

 the two backcross bulldog skulls show no definite inclination 



