CHARLES R. STOCKARD AND A. L. JOHNSON 



the area of the skin surface is excessively increased to more 

 than double the necessary amount. The excess skin hangs 

 in loose wrinkles and folds about the head, neck, shoulders 

 and legs. The Fj bulldog-bassethound has a considerable 

 amount of excess skin, and among the members of the F 2 

 generation some individuals show an extreme overgrowth of 

 skin surface while others show quite normal, close-fitting skin. 

 The seven F 2 animals in plate 58 all have loose skin hanging 

 in excessive folds about the head and neck. In plate 59, figures 

 3 and 4 are almost normal in this respect while figures 1, 2, 

 5 and 6 show skin that is wrinkled and folded. 



The four brothers illustrated in plate 62 are from one F 2 

 litter and have been especially chosen to demonstrate the 

 exaggerated production of skin in these hybrids. These four 

 dogs, photographed from life in figures 1-4, all have loose 

 wrinkles and heavy folds of skin about the head, neck, 

 shoulders, back and legs. 



In order to demonstrate the extent of skin overgrowth, 

 the two brothers in figures 3 and 4 were killed and treated 

 as follows. No. 1146 $ (fig. 4) was mounted as true to life 

 as possible by an expert in mammalian taxidermy. The skin 

 was placed on an accurately measured model and the folds 

 were carefully patterned after those in the living animal. 

 This mounted specimen is shown in figures 6 and 8, and the 

 skeleton of this animal, photographed at exactly comparable 

 scale, in figure 7. There are no symptoms of overgrowth in 

 this skeleton, and body weights and sizes for all four brothers 

 were closely the same. The skin area of this animal was, 

 however, sufficient to cover twice his body size, and the excess 

 formed the wrinkles on the forehead, the deep folds over 

 the cheeks sagging into the low hanging flews or pendulous 

 lips of the upper jaw, the folds along the sides of the neck 

 with the loose double dewlap swinging from the chin to the 

 sternum, and the circular folds covering the short bent legs. 

 The skin is loose along the back and sides of the trunk, but 

 better fitting over the rump and thighs. 



