336 CHARLES R. STOCKARD AND A. L. JOHNSON 



For this purpose, two other bulldog-like breeds were chosen, 

 the Brussels griffon and the Pekingese. The first of these 

 is of probable European origin supposedly non-related for 

 the deformity to the above three breeds, and the second is 

 an Asiatic flat faced animal of entirely distinct origin. The 

 midget Brussels griffon has previously been referred to in 

 connection with the extremely aberrant skull shown in plate 

 50 (p. 274). This skull differs from that of the typical bulldog 

 in its more infantile form and the disproportionately huge 

 spherical cranium, with which is associated an extremely 

 abbreviated facial skeleton with a mandible that is as severely 

 reduced as the upper jaw. It will be recalled that in the 

 typical bulldog deformity there is a marked prognathism of 

 the mandible due to the fact that the lower jaw is only 

 partially involved in the facial abbreviation. 



The Brussels griffon was crossed with the long- muzzled 

 dachshund in order that the genetic behavior of the head 

 conditions could be compared with that in the bulldog-dachs- 

 hund hybrids previously considered. 



The second cross involved the Pekingese poodle. This dog 

 is thought to have arisen in China several thousand years 

 ago, and early bronze effigies and figures leave no doubt that 

 this breed has existed in its present form since ancient times. 

 One may be reasonably certain that the peculiar form and 

 structure of the Pekingese head had an independent origin 

 from that of the head type of the European bulldogs as well 

 as of the Brussels griffon. This dwarfed Pekingese dog was 

 crossed for head type with, again, the small dachshund. We 

 have further made the cross between the Pekingese and the 

 tall, slender and greyhound-like Egyptian Saluki. This latter 

 cross involves the widest extremes of breed and type brought 

 together during our hybridization experiments. 



A brief discussion of these crosses in reference to the 

 inheritance and development of head form will be given in 

 order to add to the more extensive results derived from the 

 crosses between bulldogs and the long headed types. 



