588 W. T. JAMES 



were of neither the A nor B groups, but of the intermediates ; 

 they will be discussed below. In another method, the shock 

 was applied to the left leg in contrast to the right. With 

 this method also only the intermediates, or well balanced 

 types, formed differential responses. 



Text-figure 103. (1) Record showing the lack of generalization and inert 

 nature in the dogs of group A. This record was obtained from a bassethound 

 which had been trained in the motor situation. As the record shows, there was 

 no leg response to the buzzer presented for the first time. (2) Generalization in 

 the animals of group B, in this case a German shepherd. The dog had formed 

 the conditioned avoiding reaction to a clicking signal. The record shows a 

 vigorous avoiding response given to a bell introduced for the first time. 



Excitation-inhibition ratio. It has been emphasized that 

 some of the excitable dogs gave the conditioned response 

 each time the signal was introduced, while the extremely 

 inactive ones never gave a well developed avoiding reaction. 

 Thus, in the former it was not necessary to reinforce the 

 signal with the shock as often as in the latter. The frequency 



