658 O. D. ANDERSON 



gland extracts administered. Nineteen of the twenty-one dogs 

 were operated upon in the final phase of the experiments. 

 These operations were successful in thirteen cases. Four of 

 the unsuccessful cases did not survive long enough to permit 

 continuation of the behavior tests (two of the animals died 

 after bilateral adrenalectomy and two after hypophysectomy). 

 The experiments were begun in September 1932 and concluded 

 in March 1936. 



BEHAVIOR DURING THE TRAINING OR CONTROL PERIOD 



It became evident early in the standardization period that 

 the dogs presented more or less uniform behavioral types. 

 Nearly all showed the well balanced type of nervous reaction 

 for the ''mid-group." They were all similar in body build, 

 having the appearance of the F! bassethound-shepherd or F! 

 bassethound-Saluki, and all behaved much alike. 



The animals were kept in spacious new quarters on the 

 top floor of the anatomy building in the Cornell Medical 

 College. They were separated into congenial pairs. Each 

 pair occupied a single compartment with about 80 square 

 feet of exercising space. A solid door with a small glass 

 windo\v closed each compartment. The observer could thus 

 watch the spontaneous behavior of the dogs without himself 

 being seen. 



The average trained dog is active and alert when among 

 other dogs as well as when with the experimenter. The 

 normal food-taking reaction, when a pan of palatable food 

 is placed before him, is very vigorous and he is ready to 

 eat at any time. When the daily feeding time approaches 

 he runs about the compartment excitedly, barking and jump- 

 ing upon the door at any sound of the pans. He may cease 

 this from time to time to growl at his companion. To avoid 

 fighting it is necessary to place the pans of food some distance 

 apart in the pen. 



At other than feeding times, the dogs run and romp with 

 their companions. Occasionally they lie quietly sleeping but 

 will respond quickly to the slightest stimulus. When the ex- 



