THE SKELETON. 



33 



In examining the structure of the foot of man (Fig. 1), it 

 is observed upon the inner portion (I.) that the bones of the 

 first, second, and third toes (1, 2, 3) articulate with their 

 metatarsal elements (m 1 , m 2 , m 3 ) and each of these with their 



PLAN OF CONSTRUCTION or FOOT or MAN. 

 I. p 1 , p*, p 3 , of each series marked 1, 2, 

 3, phalanges, m 1 , first metatarsal ; m a , 

 second metatarsal ; m s , third metatarsal 

 bone, en 1 , first cuneiform ; en 1 , second 

 cuneiform ; en 1 , third cuneiform bone. B, 

 scaphoid bone, a, astragalus. II. p 1 , p 2 , p 3 

 of each series marked 4, 5, phalanges, m 4 , 

 fourth metatarsal; m 5 , fifth metatarsal bone, 

 cb, cuboid bone, cl, calcaneum. 



FIQ. 2. 



IT 



d 



PLAN OF CONSTRUCTION or 

 FOOT OF HORSE. I. p 1 , p*, p', 

 phalanges of series marked 3. 

 m 2 , second metatarsal ; m 3 , third 

 metatarsal. en 2 , second cunei- 

 form; cn s , third cuneiform bone, 

 s. scaphoid bone, a, astragalus. 

 II. in*, fourth metatarsal bone, 

 cb, cuboid, el, calcaueum. 



The line * in each cut indicates an axis of bones constantly present in the 

 foot of every mammal. 



speaking of a foot of a mammal, therefore, reference is made to the posterior 

 extremity only. The plan of construction of the hand the analogous group- 

 of bones in the anterior extremity is, however, essentially the same. 



3 



