CONTENTS. 



COMPARATIVE ANATOMY. 



PAOl 



PfiZFATOBY NOTE 5 



I. Introduction 9 



Elements of structure 9 



Organism 10 



Distinctions between vegetables and animals 11 



Division of functional labor 12 



II. Classification 13 



Plan of star 15 



Sac 17 



Ring 19 



Vertebra 20 



HI. Skeleton 23 



Nature of limbs in Vertebrata 31 



Table of elements of cranial vertebrae 34 



IV. Articulation 35 



V. Apparatus of motion 36 



VI. Teeth 38 



VII. Digestive system 44 



VIII. Circulatory and respiratory systems 52 



Effim bladder 60 



Relation of branchial arches to stylo-hyoid ligament 61 



Spleen 68 



Lymphatics 64 



IX. Excretory system 64 



Kidney 65 



X. Integument 68 



XI. Nervous system 72 



XII. Animal electricity and phosphorescence -. 82 



Torpedo 82 



Gymnotus. 83 



Malapterurus 84 



Animal phosphorescence 86 



(v) 



