MAMMALIA. 139 



of incisor teeth, structure of stomach and placenta, and in general style of 

 movement and coloring; with the Tragulidae in absence of horns, presence 

 of large canine teeth in the males, and in the development of the lateral 

 digits. This last feature dependent as it is upon others in the anatomy of 

 the extremities recalls the construction of the foot of the hog. The relation 

 of the musk deer to the hog through the Hycemosclius is by no means remote. 

 Several fossil genera Oreodon, Anoplothermm, etc. apparently connect 

 the Ruminantia with the Omnivora. 



VIVERRA (Civet Cat). Order Carnivora. Family Viverrina. 

 /> / 



Characters. Molars mostly -. three false on each side in upper jaw, 

 6 6 



three or four in lower. Only a single tuberculate tooth on each side in 

 lower jaw or none. Almost always two tuberculated teeth on each side of 

 lower jaw. Feet mostly digitigrade, either pentadactylous or tetradactylous, 

 with claws often semi-retractile. Back of tarsus hairy. Glandular follicles 

 between anus and genitals secreting a sebaceous matter of disagreeable 

 odor. 



Viverra. Feet pentadactylous, with claws small, curved, semi-retractile; 

 back of tarsus and underside of feet, excepting pads of toes and metatarsus, 

 hairy ; body slender, head elongate, muzzle acute, legs of moderate length, 

 tail conical, generally ringed ; back crested ; orbit incomplete. 



Dental formula. M. 2 2 ; prem. 4 4 ; c. 1 1 ; in. 3 3 ; in. 3 3 ; c. 

 11; prem. 4 4; m. 2 2=20 20. 



Vertebrae. Cervical, 7; dorsal, 13; lumbar, 7. 



V. civetta, Schreber. Light brownish-gray, with large black spots ; the 

 tail short, long-haired, with some whitish spots, at the tip black ; upon the 

 back long hairs (mane). 



Measurements. Length of body, 2' 9" 6"'; of tail, 1' 3'"; head, 6"; ears, 

 2". Height of body anteriorly, 11" 5"'; posteriorly, 10" G"'. 



Habitat. Africa, from 31 N. lat. to 25 S. lat. 



V. zibetha, Linn. Light brownish-gray with brown spots ; the throat 

 whitish, with oblique dark stripes ; tail shorter than body, short haired, with 

 black and light brown rings. (Van der Hoeven.) 



Measurements. Length of body, from tip of nose to base of tail, 2' 5"; 

 head, 5" 7'"; tail, 1' 3"'. 



Habitat. East Indies. 



In each species there is placed on either side of the opening of the genital 

 apparatus an oblong sac, with thickened walls, presenting upon its inner 

 surface openings of mucous glandular follicles, in which is secreted the 

 civet. On either side of the anus a pair of small anal glands empty a fetid 

 secretion. 



CASTOR (Beaver). Order Rodentia. Family Sciuridae. Sub-family Cas- 

 *orinae. 



