ENTOZOA. 165 



mouth surrounded by four papillae ; viviparous. The young almost fill the 

 cavity of body. No anus. Cavity of body chiefly occupied by uterus, intes- 

 tine being inconspicuous between it and integument. 



Confined to old world tropics of Asia and Africa. 



Measurements. I' to 2' long; -^ s " thick. 



The animal is parasitic only in the adult condition. The young exist in 

 fresh water pools and mud of marshy districts. From such localities they 

 gain access to the subcutaneous and intermuscular cellular tissues of man, 

 dogs, and horses, most probably by penetrating the ducts of the sweat 

 glands. The female thus lodged grows rapidly and produces large numbers 

 of living young, which subsequently escape to pass the embryonic stage in 

 or about water, as already stated. 



Eustrongylus. Body subcylindrical, conspicuously attenuate at either 

 end. Head continuous with body. Mouth terminal, papillose. Bursa of 

 male entire, neither radiate or furnished with appendages. Penis filiform, 

 long, without sheath. Genital pore of female placed anteriorly or pos- 

 teriorly. 



E. gigas, Diesing. Male. Body cylindrical, and more or less deeply 

 tinged with red ; head obtuse and furnished with a simple oral, surrounded 

 by six papilliform, chitinous nodules ; caudal extremity displaying a simple 

 round cup-shaped bursa, devoid of any radiating appendages ; penis con- 

 sisting of a single spiculum. Female. Tail bluntly pointed, and pierced by 

 the anal aperture; vaginal orifice situated on the ventral aspect, at a short 

 distance below the so-called head ; mode of reproduction probably vivipa- 

 rous. Eggs broadly oval. 



Measurements. Male, 10" to 14" long; 3'" wide. Female, 3' long; 6"' 

 wide. 



Habitat. Kid ney. 



TREMATODA (Flukes), Rudolphi. Animals solitary, for the most part her- 

 maphroditic, rarely unisexual, and commonly furnished with median or lat- 

 eral suctorial pores. Alimentary canal forkedly divided or ramose, very 

 rarely simple. Generation rarely direct alternate generation the rule. 

 (Kuchenmeister.) 



Fasciola. 



F. hepatica, Linn. Body flat, anterior end abruptly constricted, produced, 

 rounded and pointed, forming so-called head and neck ; posterior extremity 



