PHYLOGENETIC AND ONTOGENETIC PROCESSES 21$ 



the ancestors of the starfish had six, seven, or more arms according 

 to the number that can be produced artificially, etc. Therefore, until 

 further evidence of a more convincing kind is forthcoming, we can 

 safely, I think, decline to accept the results, so far known, as having 

 any value in interpreting the relationships or the descent of the 

 animals. 



