228 ANURA CHAP. 



b. Pupil vertical. 



a. Precoracoids present. India. Melanobatrachus. 

 Africa. Hemisus, p. 232. 

 (3. Precoracoids absent. 



Tongue ovaL India. . Cacopus. 

 Tongue elliptical. India. Microhtiln. 

 Tongue divided by a longitudinal furrow. 

 India. Gfyphoglossus, p. 233. 

 Fingers and toes with discs. Africa and 

 Amboina. Phrynomantis. 

 New Guinea. Callulops. 



c. Pupil round. Precoracoids absent. Tongue round. 



India. Callula, p. 234. 



Tongue long, oval, with a deep groove. New Guinea. 



Xenorliina. 



Note. Xenobatrachus ophiodon, New Guinea. Palatine bones, each with two 

 large curved teeth. Otherwise imperfectly known. 



Rhinoderma. -Omosternum and precoracoids present. Palate 

 without teeth. Tympanum indistinct. Terminal phalanges 

 simple, and not dilated. Tongue heart-shaped, and free behind. 

 Pupil horizontal. Habitat, Chili. 



Rh. darwini, the only species, was discovered by Darwin, 

 during the voyage of the Beagle. Its total length is only 

 3 cm., or little more than one inch. The shape is grotesque, as 

 the skin is prolonged, beyond the very small triangular mouth, 

 into a false nose, i.e. a nose-shaped projection, while the nostrils 

 remain at their original place. The skin is smooth above, 

 granular on the under parts, and forms a triangular flap or spur- 

 shaped appendage on the heel. A glandular fold extends along 

 the sides of the body. The general colour is brown above, black 

 below, with large white patches, the latter colour being sometimes 

 predominant on the throat and chest. The male has a pair of 

 internal vocal sacs, and the use of these as nurseries for the 

 young has made this species famous. 



Espada l has given an elaborate account of this species, which 

 lives on the ground in shady woods. Its voice sounds like a little 

 bell, and before taking its short jumps, it erects itself vertically 

 upon the hind-limbs. The gular sac of the male opens by two 

 slits, one on each side of the tongue. Generally this sac does not 

 extend beyond the middle of the chest, but during the breeding 

 time the eggs are put into it, whereupon it becomes greatly dis- 

 tended, so much so indeed that it reaches back as far as the groins ; 



1 An. Soc. Espan. i. 1822. See also Howes, P.Z.S. 1888, p. 231. 



