VERTEBRAL COLUMN 



283 



the centra or bodies of the vertebrae are formed by the pairs 

 of interventralia, while the basiventralia are reduced, persisting 



FIG. 56. Composition of vertebrae of Reptiles, illustrated by the first and second 

 cervical vertebrae. (1) Atlas (first cervical) and axis (second) vertebra of <'r<n-<i- 

 Jilus. (2) Atlas and axis of Metriorhynchus, a Jurassic Crocodile. (3) Analysis 

 of the first two cervical vertebrae of a Crocodile ; 2, second basiventral complex 

 or " intercentrum " continued upwards into the meniscus or intervertebral pad. 

 (4) Diagram of the fundamental composition of a Reptilian vertebra : compare this 

 and (6) with Fig. 1 (8 and 9) on p. 13. (5) The first three cervical vertebrae of 

 Sphenodon. (6) Trunk-vertebrae of Kryops, a. Permian Proreptile ; typically tenmo- 

 spondylons ; cp, articular facet of the capitulnm of a rib. (7) The complete atlas 

 of an adult Triony.c fun-urn ; the second basiventral (intercentrum) is attached to the 

 posterior end of the first centrum, which, not being fused with the second centrum, 

 is not yet an odontoid process. (8) The complete atlas of an adult Ti-iimi/.i- yninje- 

 ticus ; still typically temnospondylous. (9) The first and second cervical vertebrae 

 of an adult Platemys. (10) The complete atlas of a Chelysfimbriata. Az, Anterior 

 zygapophysis ; B.I), basidorsal ; E. T", basiventral ; C v C-2, C 3 , first, second, and third 

 centra, formed by the interventralia ; Cp 1 , Cp*, articular facets of the capitular 

 portions of the first and second ribs ; /. T', interventral ; ^Vj, JV! 2 , N 3 , first, second, 

 and third neural arch, formed by basidorsalia (B.D) ; Od, odontoid process first 

 centrum ; Pz, posterior zygapopliysis ; H lt R it ribs ; Sp, detached spinons prorc^s 

 of the first neural arch ; t^ t 2 , tubercular attachments of the first and second rib> ; 

 1, 2, 3, 4, " intercentra " = basiventrals ; /, II, III, position of the exit of the first, 

 second, and third spinal nerves. 



either as so-called intercentra or wedge -bones, or as inter- 

 vertebral pads, or disappearing altogether. At the earlier 

 stages of development the gastrocentrous vertebrae behave in the 



