576 



TELEOSTEI 



CHAP. 



C. SERRASALMONINAE. Carnivorous ; teeth strong ; belly serrated ; scales 



cycloid. American : Serrasalmo, Myletes, Myleus, Metynnis, Catoprion. 



D. ICHTHYOBORINAE. Carnivorous ; teeth strong ; maxillary very small ; 



upper jaw movable; scales ciliated. African: Eugnathiclitlnjt, 

 Paraphago, Mesoborus, PJiago, Ichthyoborus, Neoborus. 



E. XIPHOSTOMINAE. Carnivorous ; teeth very small ; maxillary rather 



small ; scales ciliated. American : Xiphostoma. 



F. ANOSTOMINAE. Herbivorous, entirely or partially ; teeth well de- 



veloped in both jaws ; maxillary very small ; gill-openings narrow ; 

 scales cycloid. American : Anostomus, Leporinus, Characidium, 

 Chorimycterus, Nanostomus, Nanoynathus. 



G. HEMIODONTINAE. Partially herbivorous ; dentition, imperfect ; maxil- 



lary well developed ; scales cycloid. American : Hemiodus, Caeno- 



tropis, Saccodon, Parodon. 

 H. DISTICHODONTINAE. Entirely or partially herbivorous ; teeth small but 



well developed ; maxillary well developed ; scales ciliated. African : 



Nannaethiops, Neolebias, Distichodus, Nannocharax, Xenocharax. 

 I. CITHARININAE. Herbivorous ; teeth minute or absent ; maxillary 



small ; scales cycloid or ciliated. African : Citharinus, Citharidium. 



American : Prochilodus, Curimatus. 



FIG. 348. Distribution of the Characinidae. 



The genera in the above sub-families are mostly founded on 

 the dentition and the extent of the praemaxillary and maxillary- 

 bones, which are astonishingly varied, as may be seen from the 

 annexed figures showing the open mouths of a few of the most 

 remarkable types. As I have already pointed out, the character 

 often given as diagnostic of this family, viz. the maxillary 

 forming part of the oral border, is not absolutely constant ; this 

 bone is often much reduced, and it is entirely excluded from the 

 mouth in Ichthyoborus and Neoborus. The branchiostegal rays 



